Imishini yokushisela i-Seamasetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto, amasistimu ebhethri lamandla amasha, okokugcina amandla, imikhumbi yokucindezela, ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi, kanye nokwakhiwa kweshidi{0}}okunembayo. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, amandla e-weld akuyona nje inkinga yokuphepha kwesakhiwo, kodwa futhi isici esibalulekile sempilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo, ukwethembeka{2}}kwesikhathi eside, kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi iyonke.
Ezimweni zokukhiqiza zangempela, abakhiqizi abaningi bahlangabezana nenkinga efanayo: i-weld seam ibonakala iqhubekayo futhi ifana, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuvuza kungase kudlule, kodwa ukuhlolwa okuqinile, ukuhlola ukukhathala, noma isevisi yesikhathi eside{0}}iveza ukuqhekeka, ukuvuza, noma ukuwohloka kwamandla. Lokhu kwehluleka akuvamile ukubangelwa isici esisodwa. Ezimweni eziningi, zivela emiphumeleni ehlanganisiwe yokungafani kwepharamitha yenqubo, ukungahambisani kahle kwenqubo yezinto ezibonakalayo, izimo zemishini engazinzile, kanye nomklamo wokushisela oqhubekayo ongafanele.
Lesi sihloko sihlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa kobunjiniyela okuhlelekile kwezimbangela zezimpande zokunganele kwamandla e-weld emishinini yokushisela i-seam futhi inikeza amasu asebenzayo, asebenzisekayo okuthuthukisa. Kuhloswe njengereferensi yabasebenzisi ababambe iqhaza ekusebenzeni kwemishini, ukwakheka kwenqubo, ukukhethwa komshini, nezinqumo zokuthenga.
Amapharamitha Welding Ngaphandle Kwewindi Lenqubo Elungile
Imingcele yokushisela iyisendlalelo esiyinhloko sokulawula amandla e-weld. Ezinqubweni zokushisela i-seam, i-welding current, isikhathi se-welding, kanye ne-welding pressure yakha uhlelo oluhlanganiswe ngokuqinile kunokuguquguquka okuzimele. Noma yikuphi ukungalingani kupharamitha eyodwa kuphazamisa ukwakheka kwe-nugget encibilikisiwe futhi kwehlisa ngokuqondile ukusebenza komshini we-weld.
Ukushisela Ibhalansi Yamanje Nokushisa Kokufaka
I-Welding current inquma ukuminyana kwamandla alethwa endaweni yokushisela futhi iyisisekelo sokwakheka kwama-nugget ezinzile.
Uma i-current iphansi kakhulu, ukuthambisa kwendawo kuphela noma ukuncibilika kwengxenye kwenzeka esixhumi esibonakalayo, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza ukwakheka okuzinzile kwe-metallurgical fusion. Kulokhu, umthungo ungase ubonakale uqhubekayo, kodwa amandla okubopha kwangaphakathi abuthakathaka, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo kungenzeka ngaphansi komthwalo oqinile noma ukudlidliza.
Uma i-curse iphezulu kakhulu, ukushisisa okweqile kwendawo kanye nokusha{0}}kungase kwenzeke, okuholela ekukhuphuleni okusanhlamvu, i-microstructural embrittlement, kanye nokwanda kwendawo yokushisa{1}}ethintekile. Umkhuba wobunjiniyela ubonisa ukuthi nakuba ama-welds anjalo angase aqale aphumelele ukuhlolwa kwamandla amile, impilo yawo yokukhathala ezindaweni zokulayisha imijikelezo yehliswe kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo kanye nokuvala, ukukhathala kunciphisa impilo ye30–50%zivame ukubonwa, okubonisa ingozi enkulu yokwethenjelwa yesikhathi eside-.
Umgomo awukona ukuthi "izinga eliphezulu lamanje lilingana ne-weld eqinile," kodwa okokufaka kwamandla alawulwayo okwenza i-nugget ezinzile kuyilapho ilondoloza ubuqotho besakhiwo esincane.
Isikhathi Welding kanye Nugget Development
Isikhathi sokushisela silawula ukusabalalisa okushisayo nokunqwabelana kokushisa kokubalulekile.
Uma isikhathi sisifishane kakhulu, ngisho noma sinamandla anele, i-nugget encibilikisiwe ayikwazi ukunwebeka kahle, okuholela ekulayisheni okuncane{0}okunesiphambano{1}}nesigaba namandla alinganiselwe emishini.
Uma isikhathi siside kakhulu, ukunqwabelana kokushisa okweqile kukhulisa ukushisa-indawo ethintekile futhi kusheshise ukukhula okusanhlamvu kanye nokuwohloka kwesakhiwo esincane, kunciphisa ukusebenza komshini kukonke.
Ezenzweni zobunjiniyela, inkomba evamile yereferensi ukuthi ububanzi be-nugget kufanele bufinyelele cishe izikhathi ezingu-3–4 kunogqinsi lwesisekelo, okunikeza ubudlelwano obulingene phakathi kwamandla nokuzinza kwesakhiwo esincane.
I-Welding Pressure Mismatch (Isici Sethonya Lesakhiwo)
Ukucindezela kwe-Welding akuyona nje amandla okubamba ngomshini. Ithinta ngokuqondile ukusatshalaliswa kokumelana noxhumana nabo, ukuzinza kokufaka ukushisa, nokuziphatha kokunwetshwa kwe-nugget encibilikisiwe. Ukungalingani kwengcindezi ezigabeni ezihlukene kunemiphumela ehlelekile emandleni e-weld:
| Isiteji sokushisela | Inkinga Yengcindezi | Umthelela Oqondile |
|---|---|---|
| Isigaba{0}sengcindezi | Ukucindezela okunganele | Ukuthintana okungazinzile, ukumelana nokuguquguquka, okokufaka ukushisa okungalingani |
| Isiteji se-welding esiyinhloko | Ingcindezi eyeqile | Ukunwetshwa kwe-nugget okukhawulelwe, kwehliswe isigaba esisebenzayo-se-weld cross |
| Isiteji sokuzinza | Ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi | Ukungaguquguquki okungalungile, ukwanda kwamandla okuhlakazeka |
Ukuhlolwa kobunjiniyela kubonisa ukuthi lapho ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi kudlula±8%, ukuvumelana kwamandla e-weld kwehla kakhulu, futhi isivuno sokukhiqiza singancipha ngaphezu kwalokho15%. Emigqeni yokushisela i-seam eqhubekayo, lokhu ngokuvamile kubonisa njengokungaqini kwekhwalithi yeqoqo{1}}kunokukhubazeka okuhlukile.
I-Material Enganele–Ukuhambelana Kwenqubo
Izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo zinquma ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi okokufaka ukushisa kumuncwa kanjani, kugxiliswe, futhi kuhlakazwe kanjani. Uma lo mehluko ungaboniswa ekwakhiweni kwenqubo, izinkinga zamandla e-weld azinakugwenywa.
Umthelela we-Electric Conductivity kanye ne-Thermal Conductivity
Umehluko ku-conductivity kanye nokuhluka okushisayo kuthinta kakhulu ukuziphatha kokugxilisa ukushisa endaweni yokushisela:
| Uhlobo Lwezinto | Izici Zenqubo | Isu Lokulungisa Okubalulekile |
|---|---|---|
| Ama-alloys e-aluminium | I-conductivity ephezulu + ukusabalalisa okuphezulu kwe-thermal | Ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamanje + isikhathi esifushane sokushisela |
| Insimbi engagqwali | I-conductivity ephansi + ukusabalalisa okushisayo okuphansi | I-low peak current + isikhathi eside sokushisela |
| Insimbi engaphekiwe | Ukumelana nendawo okungazinzile | Ukulawula ukucindezela okuzinzile + i-gradient yokushisa elawulwayo |
Ngaphandle-amamodeli enqubo athize, "ipharamitha eyodwa-esethiwe{3}}ilingana-yonke" izindlela ngokuvamile zikhiqiza ama-weld abonakala amukeleka ngaphandle kodwa ahlupheka ngenxa yamandla ebhondi angaphakathi anganele.
-Umthelela Wesikhathi Eside Wesimo Sendawo
Izendlalelo ze-oksidi, ukungcoliswa kukawoyela, izinsalela zokumboza, nokungcola okungaphezulu kuvimbela ngokuqondile ukuhlangana kwe-metallurgical okusebenzayo. Lezi zimo zikhuthaza ukuxhumana okubuthakathaka, ukushisela okubonakalayo, nokufakwa kwe-slag. Idatha yokuhlola ibonisa ukuthi amajoyinti e-aluminium ashiselwe ngaphandle kokuhlanza indawo efanele angaba nakho20–35% isilinganiso sokunciphisa amandla, kanye nokungaguquguquki okubi kakhulu.
Izingozi Zesakhiwo Ekushiseleleni Okungafani Kwensimbi
Ukushisela okuhlukile kwensimbi akubandakanyi nje kuphela umehluko oshisayo, kodwa futhi nokungafani kwama-coefficients okunwebeka okushisayo kanye nokwakheka kwenhlanganisela ye-brittle intermetallic. Ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwamanje kwe-gradient, amamodi okushisela ama-pulsed, noma idizayini yesendlalelo esishintshayo, izendlalelo zokusebenzelana eziphukayo zakheka kalula, okuholela{1}}ekuhlulekeni kokushisela kwesiteji ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezimeni zesevisi.
Ukungaqini Kwezisetshenziswa kanye Nokuguquguquka Kokuphuma Kwamandla
Ngisho -namapharamitha enqubo aklanywe kahle, amasistimu wezisetshenziswa ezingazinzile avimbela ikhwalithi yokushisela engaguquki.
I-Electrode System Degradation
Ukuguga kwe-roller electrode, ukulahleka kwe-coating, kanye ne-oxidation yendawo kushintsha ukusatshalaliswa kokumelana nokuxhumana, kunciphisa ukugxila kwamandla futhi kubangele ukushintshanisa ukushisa kwendawo kanye nokushisisa okwanele, okuholela ekuguquguqukeni okuphawulekayo kwamandla e-weld.
Ukuzinza Kwesistimu Yokupholisa
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zemishini yokushisela i-seam (ama-transformer, amamojula e-IGBT, amasistimu e-electrode) azwela kakhulu izinga lokushisa-. Lapho ukupholisa amanzi izinga lokushisa liyashintshashintsha lidlule±5 degreenoma izinga lokugeleza alanele, ukuzinza kwamanje okuphumayo kuyehla. Umuzwa womkhakha ubonisa ukuthi ukungazinzi kwesistimu yokupholisa kunganciphisa ukufana kwamandla e-weld10–20%.
Ukunemba Kwesakhiwo Semishini
Ukuhlehla komshini okweqile, amaphutha okuvumelanisa ama-roller, kanye nokusabela kwe-actuator yengcindezi ehamba kancane kubangela ingcindezi yokushisela engazinzile, izigaba ze-weld ezingalingani-nokwehliswa komthwalo wesakhiwo{1}}ukuthwala umthamo ngokombono wemishini.
I-Thermal Accumulation kanye ne-Structural Design in Continuous Welding
Umphumela Wokuqongelela Okushisayo
Ekushiseleni komthungo okuqhubekayo, ukushisa akukwazi ukuhlakazeka ngokugcwele phakathi kokushisela, okubangela ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa endaweni yokusebenza. Lokhu kwandisa okokufaka okushisa kwangempela kuma-weld alandelayo, kusheshisa ukuwohloka kwe-microstructural, futhi kudala amagradient amandla eduze komthungo{1}}ikakhulukazi kumapuleti ashubile kanye{2}}nemigqa yokukhiqiza yomjikelezo ophezulu.
Ukusabalalisa Ingcindezi Engalingani
Kumasistimu-amarola amaningi, ukusabalalisa kwengcindezi engalingani noma ukuchezuka kwe-stroke yokulayisha kuqala kuholela ebubanzini be-weld kanye -nokwehluka kwezingxenye ezinqamulayo, okudala "izindawo ezibuthakathaka" zesakhiwo ezinciphisa umthamo womthwalo wonke kanye nempilo yokukhathala.
Isiphetho
Amandla e-weld anganele emshinini wokushisela we-seam akuyona nje inkinga yepharamitha noma inkinga yomshini. Kungumphumela-wokungafani kwezinga lesistimu phakathi kwesistimu yenqubo, isistimu yezinto ezibonakalayo, isistimu yezisetshenziswa, kanye nedizayini yesakhiwo.
Ikhwalithi yokushisela ezinzile, ethembekile ivela emandleni wobunjiniyela besistimu, hhayi izenzo zokuthuthukisa ezizodwa. Kubasebenzisi, ukukhetha komshini akufanele kugxile kuphela ezilinganisweni zamandla nenani. Kumelwe kugcizelelwe kakhulu amandla okulawula inqubo, ukwakheka kwesistimu ukuzinza, umthamo wokuqapha idatha, kanye{2}}nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.
