Umshini Wokushisela Umthungo: Vimbela Ukuqhekeka Kwezingqimba

Izifutho zensimbi engagqwali zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekunxephezelweni kwamapayipi, izinhlelo zokuvala uphawu, okokusebenza kwevacuum, imigqa ye-petrochemical, okokusebenza kwamandla, namadivayisi anembayo. Aziswa kakhulu ngokumelana nokugqwala kwawo, ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nokukhathala, kanye nekhono lokumunca ukudlidliza nokugudluka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ziyizingxenye ezinzima ukushisela.

Isizathu silula: udonga luncane, futhi umzimba unothayela. Ngesikhathi se-welding, okokufaka kokushisa akukwazi ukuba phezulu kakhulu, futhi ingcindezi yesondo lokushisela ayikwazi ukudlula ngokweqile. I-seam kufanele iqhubeke futhi ivuze{2}}iqine, kodwa iziqongo zokubophela, izigodi, nezindawo zoshintsho akumele zichotshozwe noma ziqhekeke. Uma ijubane lamanje, isivinini sokushisela, ukucindezela kwesondo, ukuma kwe-fixture, noma indlela yokupholisa ingalawulwa kahle, ukusha{4}}ngokusebenzisa, ukuqhekeka, ukulimala kodonga, noma ukuhluleka komthungo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, yonke ingxenye ingase yenqatshwe.

AnUmshini wokushisela umthungo we-MFDCilungele i-seams eyisiyingi, i-longitudinal seams, kanye namalunga phakathi kwezingxenye ze-bellows namashubhu okugcina, ama-flange, noma ama-fittings. Inikeza okukhiphayo kwamanje okuzinzile, okokufaka kokushisa okugxilile, nekhono lokushisela le-seam eliqhubekayo. Noma kunjalo, umshini ofanelekayo awuqinisekisi inqubo ezinzile. Inselele yangempela ku-stainless steel bellows welding ukugcina okokufaka kokushisa, ukucindezela kwesondo, ukusekela indawo, kanye nesigqi sokushisela ngaphakathi kwebanga elincane neliphindaphindekayo.

Izindonga ezizacile azikwazi ukubekezelela ukushisa okukhulu noma ingcindezi

Amashubhu ajwayelekile ngokuvamile anezindonga ezinkulu kanye nokubekezelela inqubo eyengeziwe. Izinsimbi zensimbi ezingenasici zihlukile. Izindonga zabo zincane, futhi isakhiwo sikathayela senza ukwabiwa kwamandla kungalingani. Lapho isondo lokushisela licindezela odongeni lweshubhu, ukucindezela okweqile kancane kungalimaza iziqongo ze-corrugation. Uma ingcindezi iphansi kakhulu, ukuthintana phakathi kwesondo nodonga lweshubhu kubanga ukuzinza, okungase kubangele ukushisa okwedlulele kwendawo noma kushise{4}.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuqhekeka kwe-bellows akuvamile ukubangelwa "imanje kakhulu" noma "ingcindezi enkulu." Ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho okokufaka ukushisa namandla emishini kungalawulwa ndawonye. Okokufaka okuzinzile kokushisa kanye nomfutho wesondo kokubili kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka.

Insimbi engagqwali ayikuqedi ukushisa ngokushesha

Insimbi engagqwali ihambisa ukushisa kancane kune-carbon steel. Ngesikhathi sokushisela, ukushisa kuvame ukuhlala eduze komthungo. Emihubheni-ezacile, lokhu kudala inkinga ecacile: izinga lokushisa lasendaweni likhuphuka ngokushesha, amandla odonga lwamashubhu ehla, futhi ukucindezeleka kokuncipha kuyakhula ngesikhathi sokupholisa.

Uma i-welding current iphezulu kakhulu, isivinini sokushisela sihamba kancane, noma ukupholisa akwanele ngesikhathi sokushisela okuqhubekayo, ukushisa kungakheka eduze komthungo. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kungase kubonakale kuphela njengokushintsha umbala. Njengoba ukukhiqiza kuqhubeka, kungase kuholele ekushiseni-ngokuqhekeka, ukuvaleka komthungo, noma ukuvuza okungenamandla{3}}okuqinile.

Iziqongo zokonakala kanye nezigodi zithola amandla ngendlela ehlukile

Ama-Bellows awawona amashubhu abushelelezi. Iziqongo zokonakala, izigodi, nezindawo zokushintsha kunokuqina okuhlukile. Uma iphrofayili yesondo lokushisela ingahambisani nomsebenzi, ingcindezi ingagxila endaweni encane. Indawo ephakeme ephakeme ingase igaywe, kuyilapho indawo yesigodi ingase ibe nokuxhumana okungazinzile kanye nokushisa kwendawo.

Yingakho insimbi engagqwali ivuthela i-seam welding ingakwazi ukusebenzisa amapharamitha asuka eshidini eliyisicaba noma ishubhu yokushisela. I-current efanayo kanye nokucindezela kungase kusebenze engxenyeni eyisicaba kodwa kuqhekeze isakhiwo esinothayela omncane.

Imifantu emincane emaphethelweni e-weld

Le mifantu ingaba mincane kakhulu futhi ingase ingabonakali ngokushesha ngemva kokushisela. Angase avele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuvuza, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic, ukuhlolwa kokugoba, noma ukuhlanganisa kamuva. Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa ukufaka ukushisa okudlulele, ukuhlanganisa okungaphelele, ukuncipha kokupholisa kwengcindezi, ukonakala kwezinto eziyisisekelo, noma ukuhlanzwa okungalungile{2}}kwangaphambili kwe-weld.

Uma imifantu igxilile onqenqemeni lwe-weld, hlola i-welding current, isivinini sokushisela, umfutho wesondo, ukwakheka kokushisela, kanye nesimo sendawo yezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ukuqhekeka eziqongweni zika-corrugation

Uma ukuqhekeka kwenzeka ikakhulukazi eziqongweni zika-corrugation, umfutho wesondo lokushisela, iphrofayili yesondo, ukusekela kwangaphakathi, nosekelo lwendawo kufanele kuhlolwe kuqala. Ukuphakama kuyingxenye evezwe kakhulu yokuvunguza, futhi umfutho wesondo cishe uzogxila lapho. Ngaphandle kosekelo olufanele lwangaphakathi noma{2}}indlela yokwenza amathuluzi okulingana, indawo encane ephakeme kakhulu ingachotshozwa kalula noma iqhekeke.

Le nkinga ayikwazi ukuxazululwa ngokwehlisa umthamo wodwa ngoba imbangela evame ukugxila ngamandla emishini.

Ukushiswa kwendawo-ngezikhala-ezincane noma ezincane

Ukushiswa kwendawo-ngokuvamile kuhlobene namanje kakhulu, isivinini esinensayo sokushisela, ukuthintana kwamasondo okungazinzile, noma ukucindezela okunganele. Lapho isondo lokushisela lingaxhumani nodonga lwe-tube ngokulinganayo, lamanje lingase ligxile endaweni encane kakhulu, okubangela ukushisa kwendawo osheshayo.

Lolu hlobo lwesici luvame ukubonakala. Indawo yokushisela ingase ibonise ukumnyama, izimbobo, imiphetho egoqiwe, noma i-spatter yensimbi.

Ukuqhekeka kwendawo ngemuva kwe-seam welding eyindilinga

Lapho izivunguvungu zishiselwa ukuze ziqede amashubhu, ama-flange, noma okokufakwayo, ukungagxili kahle kahle, izikhala ezihlanganisayo eziningi, ukubambana okungaqinile, noma ukuzungezisa okungalingani kungabangela ukucindezeleka kwendawo ngemva kokushisela. Umthungo oyisiyingi ungase ubukeke uqhubekayo, kodwa ingxenye eyodwa ingase iqhekeke ngesikhathi sokupholisa noma ukuhlola ingcindezi.

Kulokhu, imingcele ye-welding akuyona into kuphela okufanele ihlolwe. Ukunemba komhlangano nokuzinza kokujikeleza kubaluleke ngokufanayo.

Ijubane eleqile lamanje noma elinensayo lokushisela lingabangela ukusha{0}}

Umshini wokushisela umthungo we-MFDC uhlinzeka ngokukhiphayo kwamanje okuzinzile, kodwa{0}}izimbongolo ezincanyana zizwela kakhulu ekushiseni. Amandla amaningi kakhulu, amandla e-pulse amaningi, noma isivinini sokushisela esinensayo singagcina indawo yomthungo isezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Ukushisa ngokweqile kungabangela okungaphezu kokusha-. Kungase futhi kuholele ekushintshashintsheni kombala kwe-weld emnyama, izindonga zamashubhu ezithambile, i-embrittlement eduze konqenqema lwe-weld, nokuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokupholisa. Ngezivunguvungu ezidinga ukuvaleka, ukumelana nengcindezi, noma impilo yokukhathala, lezi zinkinga ziyizingozi ezinkulu{3}}zesikhathi eside.

Ngesikhathi sokusetha, ungahlosile kuphela i-weld ebonakalayo noma ehlanganiswe ngokugcwele. Futhi bheka ukuwohloka kodonga lwamashubhu, ukushisa ngokweqile, umbala wokushisela ongavamile, nokuqina kokuhlolwa kokuvuza.

Ijubane elincane kakhulu lamanje noma eleqile lingadala ingozi yokuqhekeka

Abanye o-opharetha behlisa ijubane lamanje noma bakhuphule isivinini ukuze bagweme-ukusha. Lokhu kungase kunciphise ukushisa okubonakalayo, kodwa uma umthungo ungahlanganiswanga ngokugcwele, indawo engahlanganisiwe ingaba indawo yokuqala yokuqhekeka phakathi nokuhlolwa kokuvuza, ukuhlolwa kokucindezela, ukudlidliza, noma ukulayisha ukukhathala.

Ukuvimbela imifantu akukhona nje ukunciphisa ukushisa. I-seam kufanele igweme ukushisa ngokweqile ngenkathi ifinyelela ukuhlanganisa okufanele. Indlela ethembekile iwukusebenzisa ukuhlola kwesampula ukuze kutholwe iwindi lenqubo elizinzile elihlangabezana nezidingo zamandla nokuvala ngokokufaka okuphansi okungadingekile kokushisa.

Ukushisa kunqwabelana ngesikhathi sokushisela okuqhubekayo

Isampula eyodwa ephumelelayo ayiqinisekisi ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba okuzinzile. Ngesikhathi sokushisela umthungo okuqhubekayo, isondo lokushisela, ama-electrode, i-workpiece, kanye nezingxenye zokuqhuba konke kuyashisa. Uma ukupholisa kungakwazi ukuqhubeka, izingxenye ezihamba phambili zingabonisa umbala wokushisela obumnyama, isipatha esiningi, ukuqhekeka okwengeziwe, noma ukuhluka kwamandla okushisela.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuqinisekiswa kwenqubo akufanele kusekelwe kusampula eyodwa kuphela. Ukuhlolwa kwe-welding okufushane okuqhubekayo kunconywa ukuqhathanisa izingxenye zokuqala nezingxenye zakamuva mayelana nokubukeka kwe-weld, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuvuza, ukuqhekeka, nokuzinza kwe-dimensional.

Ukucindezela okukhulu kungaqhekeka-amashubhu odongeni amancane

Izindonga ze-Bellows zincane, ngakho ukucindezela okukhulu akufanele kusetshenziselwe ukuphoqa ukuthintana. Uma ingcindezi iphezulu kakhulu, ukugqwala kuphezulu, ukuguquguquka kokuphela, nezingxenye ezibuthakathaka zingachotshozwa noma ziqhekeke. Ngezinsimbi{2}}ezincane zensimbi engagqwali, ukuzinza ngisho nokucindezela kubaluleke kakhulu kunokucindezela okuphezulu.

Uma iziqongo ze-corrugation ziyisicaba, izimpawu zamasondo zijulile kakhulu, noma imifantu ivela ezindaweni ezithinta ingcindezi, qala uhlole ukuthi ingcindezi iphezulu yini, ukuthi indawo yokuthinta isondo incane kakhulu, nokuthi i-workpiece inokusekelwa okwanele kwangaphakathi.

Ukucindezela okuncane kakhulu kungabangela ukushisa kwendawo

Uma ingcindezi iphansi kakhulu, ukuthintana phakathi kwesondo lokushisela nodonga lweshubhu kuba nokungazinzi. I-current bese igxila ezindaweni ezincane zokuxhumana. Ingcindezi ingase ibukeke iphephile, kodwa izinga lokushisa lasendaweni lingaba phezulu kakhulu, okuholela ekushiseni{2}}ngokusebenzisa i-spatter, noma imifantu.

Ku-seam welding, ingcindezi, i-current, nesivinini sokushisela kufanele kulungiswe ndawonye. Ukunciphisa okwamanje ngaphandle kokuhlola ingcindezi, noma ukucindezela okwandayo ngaphandle kokuhlola izimo zokuxhumana, akuvamile ukuxazulula ukuqhekeka ngendlela ezinzile.

Iphrofayili yesondo lokushisela engafanele ingabangela umonakalo wendawo

Insimbi engenasici ine-geometry ekhethekile. Uma kusetshenziswa isondo elijwayelekile le-flat{1}}lokushisela umthungo weshidi, ububanzi bokuxhumana bungase bube buncane kakhulu, amandla agxilile endaweni encane. Ukuze uthole amadayimitha eshubhu ahlukene, ukuphakama kuka-corrugation, nezindawo zokushisela, iphrofayili yesondo kufanele ifaniswe nesiqeshana sokusebenza.

Ngezinsimbi-ezincane, isondo elilungile lokushisela kanye nesakhiwo sokusekela ngokuvamile sithuthukisa umphumela ngempumelelo kunokushintsha kwepharamitha kuphela. Isondo kufanele linikeze ukuthintana okuzinzile futhi ligweme ukucindezela kwendawo okweqile ezindaweni eziphakeme, emaphethelweni, noma ezindaweni zoshintsho.

Ukungahambi kahle kwamasondo kudala ukuhluka kwengcindezi okuphindaphindiwe

Ngesikhathi se-seam welding ejikelezayo, i-tube iyajikeleza. Uma isondo le-welding kanye ne-tube centerline ingahambisani, ingcindezi iyashintsha kukho konke ukujikeleza. Ezinye izigaba zingashisa kakhulu, kuyilapho ezinye zingachotshozwa, kubangele ukuqhekeka kwendawo noma umthungo ongahambisani.

Ngaphambi kokushisela, hlola ukuqondana kwesondo, ukugxila kwe-workpiece clamping, nokuzinza kokujikeleza. Uma ishubhu ligxuma noma ligijima ngokunganaki ngesikhathi sokuzungezisa, ikhwalithi yokushisela kuzoba nzima ukuyilawula.

Ngaphandle kosekelo lwangaphakathi, amashubhu{0}}amancane angawa

Uma ushisela-izinsimbi zodonga, ukusekela kwangaphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwe-mandrel efanelekile noma ukusekelwa kwangaphakathi, ingcindezi yesondo isebenza ngokuqondile odongeni lweshubhu elincanyana, elingakhubaza, libe isicaba, noma liqhekeze ingxenye.

Iqhaza lokusekelwa kwangaphakathi akukhona nje ukubamba i-workpiece. Isiza ukugcina ukujikeleza futhi ivumela umfutho wesondo ukuthi usebenze ngokulinganayo endaweni yokushisela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ingxenye ye-bellows ixhuma khona neshubhu lokugcina, i-flange, noma i-fitting, ngoba ukuqina kushintsha kakhulu kulezo zindawo.

I-clamping engazinzile ingabangela ukuthi i-workpiece iguqe ngesikhathi sokushisela

Uma izifutho zingaboshiwe ngokuvikelekile, isiqeshana somsebenzi singase sinyakaze, sinyakaze, noma siphele ngesikhathi sokushisela. Ezingxenyeni eziminyene, lokhu kunyakaza okuncane kungase kungabi nandaba kakhulu. Ngezivunguvungu-ezincane, zingabangela i-weld offset, ukuklwebheka kwamasondo, ukuqhekeka kwendawo, noma ukungahambi kahle kwamalunga.

Isakhiwo kufanele sibambe ingxenye izinzile ngaphandle{0}kokubamba nokushiya amamaki ngaphandle kwendawo yokushisela. Kuma-seams ayisiyingi, indlela yokuzungezisa kufanele futhi ihambe kahle ngaphandle kokugxuma.

Izikhala eziningi phakathi kweshubhu yokugcina, i-flange, ne-bellows kwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka

Uma izimbongolo zihlanganiswa ukuze kuphele amashubhu noma ama-flange, iziphetho ezingalingani, ukungafani okweqile, noma izikhala ezingaguquki kungabangela amandla angalingani nokushisa okungalingani ngesikhathi sokushisela umthungo. Ngemva kokupholisa, lezi zindawo zingaba izindawo zokuqalisa ukuqhekeka.

Ukuhlanganiswa okungalungile ngokuvamile akukwazi ukulungiswa ngamapharamitha we-welding kuphela. Ngaphambi kokushisela, hlola ukuqina kokuphela, ukugxila,{1}}isimo sokufaneleka, kanye nokuzinza kokubopha ukuze unciphise ukuchezuka kwesakhiwo ngesikhathi sokushisela.

Ukukhubazeka kwe-Base material kungaba imifantu ngemuva kokushisela

Uma impahla yensimbi engagqwali iqukethe okufakiwe, ama-microcracks, ukujiya okungalingani kodonga, ukwakheka komonakalo, noma amaphutha asendaweni yokukhathala, umjikelezo we-thermal welding ungenza lezi ziphambeko zibe zimbi nakakhulu. Uma ezinye izingxenye ziqhekeka ngaphansi kwemingcele efanayo kuyilapho ezinye zihlala zizinzile, impahla engenayo kufanele ihlolwe kanye nomshini.

Ngezimbongolo-ezincane, okokusebenza kunomkhawulo omncane wokulimala. Ngaphambi kokushisela, kuyasiza ukuhlola ukujiya kodonga, ikhwalithi yokwakha uthayela, ukuklwebheka kwendawo, ikhwalithi yokuphela, nokungaguquguquki kwenqwaba.

Uwoyela, umswakama, noma i-oxide endaweni yokushisela kuthinta ukwakheka kokushisela

Uwoyela, umswakama, ama-oxides, uthuli, nezinsalela zomshini konke kungathinta ukuthintana kwamasondo kanye nokwakheka kokushisela. Ukushisela endaweni enomswakama nakho kungangenisa izimbotshana, ukungcola, nokukhubazeka kwendawo.

Ukuhlanza ngaphambilini{0}i-weld kungase kubonakale kulula, kodwa kubalulekile ezingxenyeni zokuvala nokucindezela. Indawo yokushisela kufanele yome futhi ihlanzeke, futhi iziphetho kufanele zingabi nawo amafutha abonakalayo, i-oxide, amanzi, nemfucumfucu.

Izinto ezinamathela esondweni lokushisela zingadabula udonga lwamashubhu

Uma indawo yesondo yokushisela ibambelele ensimbi, imihuzuko, ukuguga, noma ama-burrs, ingase idonsele odongeni lweshubhu elincanyana ngesikhathi sokushisela. Ngoba izindonga ze-bellows zincane kakhulu, ngisho nokudonsa kancane kungakha izinyembezi ezincane.

Isondo lokushisela kufanele lihlanzwe, ligqokiswe, futhi lishintshwe njalo ukuze kugcinwe indawo ibushelelezi, iphrofayili izinzile, futhi ukupholisa kusebenza ngempumelelo. Ungalindi kuze kuvele amaphutha okushisela noma ukulimala kodonga lwamashubhu ngaphambi kokugcina isondo.

Yakha iwindi lenqubo elizinzile kuqala

Ngesikhathi sokusetha, ungalungisi okwamanje kuphela. Rekhoda isivinini samanje, isivinini sokushisela, i-pulse mode, i-wheel pressure, isikhathi sokuminyanisa, izimo zokupholisa, kanye{1}}nemiphumela yokushisela ndawonye.

Isethi yepharamitha enhle kufanele ihlangabezane nezimo ezintathu: ukungashi-ngokusebenzisa i-weld fusion efanele, kanye nokuvuza okuzinzile noma ukusebenza kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi. Ukwahlulela ngokubukeka kuphela kungaholela kalula eziphethweni ezingalungile.

Sebenzisa amasondo okushisela kanye nezakhiwo zokusekela eziklanyelwe ukuvuthela

I-Bellows welding kufanele isebenzise amasondo okushisela afaniswe nobubanzi beshubhu, ukuphakama kuka-corrugation, nendawo yokushisela. Uma kudingeka, sebenzisa i-mandrel yangaphakathi, isondo lokusekela, noma{1}}ifomu lokuhlanganisa ukuze umfutho usabalaliswe ngokulinganayo endaweni yokushisela.

Ungasebenzisi isondo elijwayelekile le-flat{0}}lokushisela umthungo weshidi kukho konke ukucaciswa kwe-bellows. Ubukhulu bodonga obuhlukene, ukuphakama kukathayela, nezakhiwo ezihlanganyelwe kungase kudinge imiklamo ehlukene yamasondo neyokusekela.

Lawula ukufaka{0}izikhala nokugxila

Ngaphambi kokushisela, hlola ukuphela kwesicaba, ukungafani, ukugxila, kanye nokuzinza kokubopha. Ukuze uthole ama-seams ayisiyingi, i-workpiece kufanele ijikeleze ngokushelela ngaphandle kokugxuma noma ukunyakaza kwe-eccentric.

Uma umhlangano uzinzile, kuba lula kakhulu ukugcina imingcele ye-welding ingaguquki. Uma i-fit{1}up ngokwayo inokuchezuka okukhulu, ukushisela okuzinzile kunzima kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amapharamitha alungiswa kanjani.

Lawula isigqi sokushisela ukuze ugweme ukunqwabelana kokushisa

Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo, qapha izinga lokushisa lesondo le-welding, izinga lokushisa le-workpiece, nezinguquko zombala we-weld. Uma ukuqhekeka kwanda ezingxenyeni zakamuva, inkinga ingase ingabi ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwepharamitha. Kungaba ukugcwala kokushisa noma ukupholisa okunganele.

Lokhu kungathuthukiswa ngokulungiselela isikhathi somjikelezo, ukuqinisa ukupholisa, nokuhlola isimo sesondo lokushisela njalo. Ngokukhiqizwa kwenqwaba, rekhoda izinguquko ze-weld ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo, hhayi nje umphumela-wokuqala.

Hlanza ngaphambi kokushisela futhi uphole ngaphansi kokulawula ngemva kokushisela

Susa amafutha, umswakama, nama-oxides ngaphambi kokushisela. Ngemuva kokushisela, gwema ukupholisa okuphoqelekile okungazelelwe kanye nokunyakaza kokuqala kwengxenye. Ngemikhiqizo{2}}edingekayo ephezulu, yenza ukuvuza, ingcindezi, noma{3}}ukuhlola okungonakalisi ngokwezinga lekhasimende.

Lezi zinyathelo zingase zibukeke zilula, kodwa{0}ezimbanjeni zensimbi engagqwali ezacile, ngokuvamile ziba nomthelela oqondile emvuzweni.

Isiphetho

Ukuqhekeka kodonga lweshubhu ku-stainless steel bellows seam welding ngokuvamile akubangelwa ipharamitha eyodwa iyodwa. Izinto zangempela okufanele zilawuleke ukufaka ukushisa, ukucindezelwa kwamasondo okushisela, ukusekela izinto, ukunemba kwe-assembly, isimo se-material, kanye{1}}nokupholisa kwe-weld.

Ukunciphisa izinga lamanje kukodwa akwanele, futhi ukucindezela okwandayo kungadala izinkinga ezintsha. Indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ukwakha iwindi lenqubo yokushisela elizinzile, bese usebenzisa amasondo okushisela, usekelo lwangaphakathi, izinto ezilungiswayo, nezindlela zokupholisa ezilawulwayo ezihambisana nesakhiwo se-bellows. Ukufaka uphawu, ukucindezela, noma{2}}izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokwethenjelwa okuphezulu, ukuhlola ukuvuza, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic, noma{3}}ukuhlola okungonakalisi kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokushisela.

Uma ubhekene nokuqhekeka kwensimbi engagqwali, ukushiswa-ngokuvuza okungekuhle{1}}ukungaqini kahle, noma ukungasebenzi kahle komthungo, ungathumela i-Haifei okokusebenza kwakho kwe-bellows, ukushuba kodonga, ubukhulu bokugqwala, indawo yokushisela, isakhiwo esihlanganyelwe, izidingo zokuhlola, nethagethi yokukhiqiza. Singasiza ekuhloleni umshini wokushisela we-MFDC ofanelekayo, ithuluzi lokushisela isondo lokushisela, kanye nesisombululo sokushisela se-automated seam ngokusekelwe kucezu lwakho lwangempela lokusebenza.

Xhumana manje