Ezimbonini ezifana namandla avuselelekayo, ukudluliswa kwamandla, ukugcinwa kwebhethri, nezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic,imishini yokushisela i-diffusionidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni izixhumi ezivumelana nezimo, amabhasi kagesi, amakhondatha ayinhlanganisela, -nezingxenye zikagesi ezithembeke kakhulu.
Kuwo wonke amapharamitha wenqubo, izinga lokushisa lokushisela nokucindezela kokushisela izinto ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinquma ikhwalithi yamalunga, amandla okusebenza, nokuthembeka-kwesikhathi eside.
Ukulawulwa okufanele kwalawa mapharamitha kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza komkhiqizo futhi kunomthelela endleleni abasebenzisi okufanele bahlole futhi bakhethe ngayo okokusebenza kokushisela okusabalalisa.
Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza amazinga okushisa nengcindezi, ukuthi asebenzisana kanjani, nokuthi le mingcele kufanele icatshangelwe kanjani lapho kufundwa nge-diffusion welding noma ukukhetha umshini ofanele wokukhiqiza.
Kungani Izinga Lokushisa Nengcindezi Kubalulekile Ekushiseleni Kwe-Diffusion
I-Diffusion welding iyinqubo-yokuhlanganisa eqinile. Ngokungafani ne-fusion welding, izinto zokwakha azincibiliki. Esikhundleni salokho, ilunga lakhiwa ngokusakazwa kwe-athomu ekushiseni okuphezulu nangaphansi kwengcindezi elawulwayo.
Inqubo yokuhlanganisa isekelwe kulokhu:
- I-deformation yepulasitiki endaweni yokuxhumana
- Ukwenyuka kwendawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo
- Ukuthuthela kwe-athomu kuyo yonke i-interface
- Ukwakhiwa kwebhondi ye-metallurgical ezinzile
- Ukuqedwa kwama-voids nama-oxide angaphezulu
Ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukuncibilika okwenzekayo, ikhwalithi yokushisela incike kakhulu ku:
- Izinga lokushisa elanele ukuze wenze kusebenze ukusakazeka kwe-athomu
- Ingcindezi eyanele ukuze udale ukuthintana okuseduze
Yingakho imishini yokushisela i-diffusion idinga amasistimu okulawula izinga lokushisa anembile kanye nezinhlelo ezizinzile zokulawula ingcindezi, hhayi nje amandla aphumayo aphezulu.
Amazinga Okushisa Okushisela Okuvamile
Umgomo Wezinga lokushisa: 0.6–0.8 we-Melting Point
Ekusebenzeni kwezimboni, izinga lokushisa le-welding ye-diffusion livame ukulawulwa60%–80% wezinga lokushisa elincibilikayo (Tm).
Lobu bubanzi buvumela ukusabalala kwe-athomu okuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokubangela ukuncibilika noma ukulimala kwesakhiwo.
Amazinga Okushisa Okuvamile Kwezimboni
| Okubalulekile | I-Melting Point (i-degree) | I-Diffusion Welding Range (iziqu) |
Izicelo Ezijwayelekile |
| Ithusi (Cu) | 1083 | 650–850 | Izixhumi eziguquguqukayo, amabhasi |
| I-Aluminium (Al) | 660 | 400–550 | Aluminium conductors, izakhiwo engasindi |
| Insimbi engagqwali | 1370–1450 | 850–1100 | Ukuxhumana kwesakhiwo |
| I-Copper-Aluminium | -- | 500–650 | Amabhasi ahlanganisiwe |
| I-Copper-Insimbi engagqwali | -- | 750–900 | Amalunga ensimbi angafani |
Ngaphakathi kwalawa mabanga, i-diffusion welding ingafinyelela amandla ahlangene afika ku-90% noma ngaphezulu wamandla we-base material, ngokuhambisa kahle kukagesi nokuzinza kwemishini.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinga Lokushisa Kwezinhlelo Zokusebenza Zamandla Nesitoreji
Emkhiqizweni wangempela,{0}}amaphrofayela okushisa esiteji amaningi asetshenziswa kakhulu:
- Isiteji sokushisa - kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi
- Isiteji sokushisa esiyinhloko - sivula ukusakazeka kwe-athomu
- Isiteji sokubamba - sizinzisa inqubo yokusabalalisa
- Isiteji sokupholisa esilawulwayo - kuvimbela imifantu nokulimala kwesakhiwo
Isibonelo, ekushiseleleni ibhasi ye-copper-aluminium composite:
- Ukushisa kancane kancane kusuka ekamelweni lokushisa kuya ku-300℃→ 500℃→ 600 degree
- Lokhu kuvimbela ukucindezeleka okushisayo okubangelwa amazinga ahlukene okunweba
- Iqinisekisa ukuhlangana okuzinzile kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo
Yingakho imishini yokushisela{0}}yekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele isekele amajika okushisa ahlelekayo nokulawula okuzinzile kwe-thermal, hhayi nje izinga lokushisa eliphezulu eliphezulu.
Izigaba Zokucindezela Okujwayelekile Kwe-Welding
I-Standard Industrial Pressure Range
Ingcindezi ye-Diffusion welding ngokuvamile ilawulwa phakathi:5–30 MPa
Inani eliqondile lincike kokuthi:
- Ubulukhuni bezinto ezibonakalayo
- Ukujiya kwezinto
- Ubulukhuni bobuso
- Usayizi wendawo yokuxhumana
- Izinhlanganisela zensimbi ezingafani
Ububanzi Bengcindezi Yohlelo Olujwayelekile
| Isicelo | Ubukhulu Bezinto | Ibanga Lokucindezela |
| Izixhumi ze-copper foil eziguquguqukayo | 0.3–0.8 mm | 8–15 MPa |
| Amathebhu avumelana nezimo ibhethri | Ngaphansi noma kulingana no-1 mm | 10–18 MPa |
| Amabhasi ahlanganisiwe | 2–5 mm | 15–25 MPa |
| Amabhasi e-copper aminyene | Kukhulu noma kulingana no-5 mm | 20–30 MPa |
I-Multi-Stage Pressure Control
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-industrial diffusion weldingisinyathelo-nge{1}}ngesinyathelo sokulawula ukucindezela:
- {0}Isigaba sokucindezela (5–10 MPa)
Idala ukuthintana kokuqala nokuqondanisa
- Isigaba sokucindezela okukhulu (15–25 MPa)
Ikhiqiza i-deformation yepulasitiki futhi ikhulise indawo yokuxhumana yangempela
- Ukubamba isiteji sokucindezela
Igcina izimo ezinzile zokusatshalaliswa kwebhondi
Le ndlela ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yokubopha, ivimbela ukushelela kwezinto, futhi iqinisekisa ukwakheka okuhlangene okuzinzile.
Ukulawulwa Okudidiyelwe Kwezinga Lokushisa Nengcindezi
I-Diffusion welding ayikona nje "ukushisa okuphezulu + ukucindezela okukhulu."
Kuyi-ainqubo yokufanisa elawulwayophakathi kwezinga lokushisa nokucindezela:
- Izinga lokushisa lilawula isivinini sokusabalalisa
- Ingcindezi ilawula ikhwalithi yokuxhumana
- Ndawonye banquma ukusebenza kahle kwesibopho
Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla:
- Ukushisela i-Copper-stainless steel:
~800–900℃+ 12–18 MPa
Ikhiqiza izendlalelo zokusabalalisa ezinzile futhi igwema izinhlanganisela eziphukayo
- Ukushisela i-Copper-aluminium:
~600℃+ 18–25 MPa
Ilawula isivinini sokusabalalisa futhi ikhawulela ukukhula kwesendlalelo se-brittle intermetallic
Uma kuhlanganiswe ne-atmospheres evikelayo (i-argon noma i-vacuum), i-oxidation iyancishiswa futhi ukuqhutshwa okuhlangene kuthuthukiswa kangcono.
Kusho ukuthini La Mapharamitha Ekukhetheni Umshini
Ukuqonda amazinga okushisa nokucindezela akulona nje ulwazi lobuchwepheshe - oluthinta ngokuqondileukukhethwa kwemishini kanye nezinqumo zokutshala izimali.
Izici Eziyinhloko Zokukhetha
Lapho ukhetha umshini wokushisela we-diffusion, abathengi kufanele bagxile kulokhu:
1.Isistimu yokulawula izinga lokushisa
- Amandla-ezigaba eziningi zokushisisa
- Ukunemba kokulawula okuzinzile
- Amajika enqubo ehlelekayo
2.Umklamo wesistimu yokucindezela
- Kuvaliwe-ukulawula i-loop pressure
- Uhlelo-lokucindezela kwesiteji okuningi
- Ukuzinza{0}}kwesikhathi eside kwemishini
3.Ukuhambisana kwezinto
- Ikhono lokushisela insimbi elihlukile
- Izixhumi eziguquguqukayo ezizacile namabhasi awugqinsi
4.Ukuzinza kwenqubo, hhayi nje amapharamitha amaningi
Umshini{0}wekhwalithi ephezulu uchazwa ngokuthi:
- Ukuzinza
- Ukuphindaphinda
- Ukuvumelana kwenqubo
- Ukuthembeka{0}}kwesikhathi eside
- hhayi nje izinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma izilinganiso zokucindezela okukhulu.
Isiphetho: Izinga Lokushisa Nokucindezela Kuchaza Ikhwalithi Ye-Welding Yokusabalalisa
Ekushiseleni kokusabalalisa, izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kuyisisekelo sekhwalithi ehlangene.Banquma:
- Amandla okubopha
- I-conductivity kagesi
- Ukuzinza kwesakhiwo
- Ukungaguquguquki kokukhiqiza
- Impilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo
Ezimbonini zamandla, amandla, nesitoreji, imishini yokushisela ayisewona "impahla yokuzikhethela ephezulu{0}}ephezulu."
Ziba ngamathuluzi okukhiqiza abalulekile-ezixhumanisi zikagesi ezinokwethenjelwa okuphezulu.
Ukukhetha okokusebenza kokushisela okusabalaliswayo okulungile kusho ukukhetha:Ikhwalithi yoxhumano oluzinzile,Ukusebenza komkhiqizo okuthembekile,Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezilawulwayo,{0}}ukukala kokukhiqiza kwesikhathi eside,Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni okuzinzile.
Lokhu akukhona nje ukuthengwa kwezinto zokusebenza - kungukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okukhiqiza.
