I-Medium Frequency Direct Current (MFDC) inverterimishini yokushisela amabalaseziphenduke izinto ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni kwesimanjemanje, ikakhulukazi-emikhakheni edingeka kakhulu njengezezimoto, i-aerospace, ne-precision electronics, ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo okuphezulu, ukonga amandla, namandla okulawula anembayo.
Lawa madivayisi ngokuvamile asebenza kumafrikhwensi aphakathi kuka-1 no-4 kHz, okuvumela ukulawula okunembile kwamandla okushisela ngaphakathi kuka-±1%, okunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sobuchwepheshe{3}}sekhwalithi ephezulu yokushisela 1. Nokho, ukuze axhaphaze ngokugcwele amandla awo futhi azuze ukukhiqizwa "okungenasici" kufanele kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yesistimu{6}enobukhulu obuhlukahlukene{6}obukhulu.
Ukulawula Okunembile Kwezinhlaka Ezintathu Zokushisela
Ukulawulwa kwepharamitha okunembile kuyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yokushisela. Kumashisela amabala e-MFDC, i-welding current, isikhathi sokushisela, namandla e-electrode amapharamitha amathathu ayisisekelo anquma ikhwalithi yokwakheka kwe-weld nugget. Lezi zici ezintathu ngokuhlangene zithonya okokufaka kokushisa kanye nokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki phakathi nenqubo yokushisela, ekugcineni kunquma usayizi namandla omshini we-weld nugget.
Ekukhiqizeni okusebenzayo, izilungiselelo zepharamitha kufanele zishunwe kahle ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukujiya, kanye nesimo sendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokusekelwe ezincomweni ezivela kumazinga e-American Welding Society (AWS), ububanzi bemingcele yokushisela buyahluka kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni kwezinto ezihlukene, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuthebula elingezansi:
| Uhlobo Lwezinto | Ubukhulu Bezinto (mm) |
I-Welding Yamanje (A) |
Isikhathi sokushisela (ms) | I-Electrode Force (kN) |
| Insimbi Yekhabhoni Ephansi | 1.0 + 1.0 | 8,000 - 10,000 | 160 - 200 | 2.2 - 2.5 |
| Insimbi Eyisithako | 1.5 + 1.5 | 10,000 - 13,000 | 240 - 300 | 3.0 - 3.5 |
| I-aluminium Alloy | 2.0 + 2.0 | 25,000 - 35,000 | 20-50 | 4.0 - 5.0 |
Uhlelo lokulawula idijithali lwe-MFDC spot welders lunikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esinembile sokulungiswa kwepharamitha. Amabhizinisi kufanele asebenzise le nzuzo ngokusungula isizindalwazi senqubo yokushisela eklanyelwe imikhiqizo ethile nezinhlanganisela zezinto. Lokhu kuvumela ukunqunywa kwewindi lokushisela elilungile elinebanga eliphakeme lokubekezelelana, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukumelana kwenqubo yokukhiqiza ezicini zokuphazanyiswa zangaphandle.
Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yezingcezu Zokusebenza Emthonjeni
Isimo sokuqala se-workpiece siyisici esibalulekile esithinta ikhwalithi yokushisela. Isimiso esithi "udoti ngaphakathi, udoti uphume" sisebenza ngokulinganayo kwinqubo yokushisela ekukhiqizeni.
Okokuqala okucatshangelwayo ukuhlanzeka kwendawo. Uwoyela, ukugqwala, izendlalelo ze-oxide, noma okunye ukungcola endaweni yokusebenzela kukhulisa kakhulu ukumelana nokuxhumana, okuholela ekusabalaliseni kwamanje okungalingani kanye nokuphuma kokushisa, okungabangela kalula ukushisela okubandayo, ukusha{1}ngokusebenzisa, nokuxoshwa okunzima. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi embonini yezimoto, izinga lokuvela kokuxoshwa lingaba phezulu ku-60%, futhi lihlobene eduze nokuhlanzeka kwendawo yokusebenza 4. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanzwa okuphelele kwendawo yokusebenza kuyimpoqo ngaphambi kokusebenza kwe-welding.
Ukucatshangelwa kwesibili idizayini yokuqagela kanye nokulingana kwengxenye{0}up. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokushisela i-projection, umklamo wejometri we-projection ubalulekile. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwemboni kusikisela ukuthi ukuphakama kwe-projection kufanele ngokuvamile kuklanywe ukuthi kube izikhathi ezingu-1.2 kuya ku-1.5 ubukhulu beshidi, futhi ububanzi balo kufanele bufane ncamashí namandla e-electrode amisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthintana kokuqala okufanele ngesikhathi senqubo yokufoja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igebe elilinganayo-eliphakathi kwezingxenye kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile, njengoba izikhala eziningi ziyimbangela evamile yokushunqika kwamanje kanye namandla okushisela anganele.
01
I-electrode, njengengxenye eyinhloko yokudlulisa i-welding yamanje namandla, inesimo esinquma ngokuqondile ukuzinza nokugxila kokudluliswa kwamandla.
Ama-Electrode aguga ngaphansi kwemithelela-yesikhathi eside ephezulu{1}}yamanje nephezulu{2}}yengcindezi, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwendawo oxhumene kuyo nokuncipha okuhambisanayo kokuminyana kwamanje. Ngakho-ke, ukugqoka okuvamile kwe-electrode noma ukushintshwa kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuhambisana kwekhwalithi ye-welding. Kufanele kusungulwe uhlelo olucacile lokulungisa ama-electrode, njengokugqoka ithiphu le-electrode ngemva kokushisela okungu-500 kuya ku-1,000, ukuze kugcinwe ukwakheka kwejiyomethri efanele kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo.
02
Ukusebenza kokupholisa ama-electrode kubalulekile empilweni ye-electrode nokuzinza kwe-welding. Ama-spot welders e-MFDC ngokuvamile afakwe amasistimu okupholisa amanzi aphoqelelwe, futhi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugeleza kwamanzi okupholisa kwanele (izindinganiso zemboni ngokuvamile azidingi ngaphansi kuka-60 L/min) futhi izinga lokushisa lamanzi lizinzile.
Ucwaningo oluvela ku-TWI egunyaziwe (I-Welding Institute) igcizelela ukuthi ukupholisa ngempumelelo kwehlisa kakhulu ukuguga kwama-electrode futhi kunwebe impilo yayo yesevisi, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekisa{0}}ukungaguquguquki kwesikhathi eside kwekhwalithi yokushisela.
I-Smart Monitoring kanye ne-AI-Ivaliwe Ukusizwa{1}}I-Loop Control
Ukwethulwa kokuqapha okuhlakaniphile kanye nobuchwepheshe be-Artificial Intelligence (AI) kuyithrendi eyinhloko yokuthuthukiswa ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhiqizwa "okungenasici" kukhwalithi yokushisela.
Izindlela zendabuko zokulawula ikhwalithi zincike ekuhloleni okulimazayo ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, okungasebenzi kahle futhi okungakwazi ukufinyelela ukuhlolwa okungu-100%. Ama-spot welders esimanje e-MFDC ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokuzwela nokulawula okuthuthukisiwe ukuze bathole{2}}ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ku-inthanethi kwenqubo yokushisela.
Ngesampula ephezulu-yemvamisa yedatha efana nokususwa kwe-electrode yamanje, i-voltage, amandla, kanye ne-electrode phakathi nenqubo yokushisela, ijika eliguqukayo lokumelana{1}}ne-"ECG" ye-weld ngayinye{2}}ingahlelwa-ngesikhathi sangempela. Leli jika lembula yonke inqubo yokwakheka kwe-weld nugget, ukukhula, nokuqina. Noma yikuphi ukuguquguquka okungavamile kungasebenza njengesignali eyisixwayiso yangaphambi kwesikhathi sezinkinga ezingaba khona zekhwalithi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho,{0}}ubuchwepheshe obuphambili obufana ne-Digital Twins busetshenziswa ekulawuleni ikhwalithi yokushisela. Ngokwakha imodeli ebonakalayo yenqubo yokushisela, kungenzeka ukulingisa nokubikezela imiphumela yokushisela ngaphansi kwenhlanganisela yepharamitha ehlukene, okuvumela{2}}ukuxilongwa kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokungenelela okuqinile kukhwalithi yokushisela, ekugcineni kuzuzwe "ukulawula{3}}iluphu{3}}okuvaliwe" kwenqubo.
Ukubambelela Emazingeni Nokusungulwa Kwedatha-Isistimu Yokuhlola Eqhutshwayo
Ukubambelela ngokuqinile ezindinganisweni zemboni kuyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Amazinga aqashelwa umhlaba wonke ahlanganisa i-AWS D8.1M (yensimbi) ne-AWS D8.2M (ye-aluminium), kanye ne-BS1140:1993 yase-UK, ehlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela wesayensi wokucaciswa kwenqubo yokushisela nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi.
Amabhizinisi kufanele asungule idatha yangaphakathi-isistimu yokuhlola ikhwalithi eqhutshwayo ehlanganisa:
Ukuhlola Okubonakalayo:
Ukuhlola indawo yokushisela ukubona ukukhubazeka okukhulu okufana nokuqhekeka, ukusha-ngokudlula, noma ukuhlehlisa kakhulu.
Ukuhlola Okulimazayo:
Ukwenza njalo ukuhlola okuqinile-okugunda noma ukuhlola ukucwecwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla angempela kanye nemodi yokwehluleka kwe-weld (imodi yokwehluleka efanelekile ukuhluleka kokukhipha).
Ukuhlola{{0}Okungabhubhisi (NDT):
Ezingxenyeni ezibucayi zesakhiwo,{0}}izindlela ezingezona ezonakalisi ezifana nokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic noma i-X-ray zingasetshenziswa ukuhlola u-100% wekhwalithi yangaphakathi yokushisela.
Ukuhlobanisa idatha yokuhlola-nedatha yokuqapha yesikhathi sangempela evela kunqubo yokushisela kunika amandla ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokushisela, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwekhwalithi yokushisela.
Isiphetho
Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi ye-MFDC inverterizindawo zokushiselakuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi wobunjiniyela besistimu ohilela izigaba eziningi: ukulawula ipharamitha, ukulungiswa kwengcezu yokusebenza, ukunakekelwa kwemishini, ukuqapha okuhlakaniphile, nokuhambisana nezindinganiso. Ngokuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kwenqubo okuqinile nobuchwepheshe obukhaliphile obusezingeni eliphezulu, amabhizinisi akhiqizayo angathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokushisela, azuze ukukhiqizwa okusebenza kahle kakhulu nokuthembekile, futhi alondoloze umkhawulo wokuncintisana emakethe.
