Isingeniso
Emkhakheni wezimboni,imishini yokushisela amabala aphakathi nendawosebeyimishini ebalulekile ezimbonini ezifana nezezimoto, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, nezinto zikagesi ngenxa yokusebenza kahle nokusimama kwazo kokushisela. Kodwa-ke, ikhwalithi yokushisela ayincikile kuphela ekusebenzeni kwemishini kodwa futhi ihlobene eduze nezilungiselelo zepharamitha. Amabhizinisi amaningi ajwayele ukuba namaphutha e-welding kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphansi ngenxa yokunganaki ukwenziwa kwepharamitha. Lesi sihloko sizogxila ezindleleni zokusetha ipharamitha yemishini yokushisela imvamisa emaphakathi, inikeze isiqondiso esisebenzayo sokusiza opharetha basebenzise amasu abalulekile ngokushesha.
I. I-Welding Yamanje: I-Core Parameter Enquma Ukujula Kwe-Welding
- I-Welding current ingenye yemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu yemishini yokushisela i-medium frequency spot, ethinta ngokuqondile ukwakheka kwe-nugget namandla okushisela. Izimiso ezilandelayo kufanele zilandelwe lapho kusethwa:
- Isimiso Sokufanisa Material: Lungisa okwamanje ngokohlobo lwempahla nokujiya.
- Isinyathelo-nge-Indlela Yokulungisa Isinyathelo: Qala i-trial welding kusuka kwi-current encane (efana no-60% yenani elilinganiselwe), bheka ukuthi amaphoyinti e-weld abonisa i-spatter noma i-virtual welding. Khulisa kancane kancane okwamanje kuze kungabi bikho sici, bese wehlisa ngo-5% -10% njengenani lokugcina.
- Izinyathelo zokuzivikela:
- Amandla amaningi kakhulu angabangela ukusha-ngokusebenzisa noma i-spatter, ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezifana namashidi akhandiwe nengxube ye-aluminium edinga ukulawulwa okuqinile.
- I-current encane kakhulu ingase ibangele i-virtual welding, enganxeshezelwa ngokwelula isikhathi sokushisela (bona ngezansi).
II. Isikhathi Sokushisela: "I-Golden Ratio" Yokulinganisa Okokufaka Kokushisa kanye Nempumelelo
- Isikhathi sokushisela kanye nesamanje ndawonye sinquma okokufaka ukushisa futhi kudinga ukusethwa ngendlela evumelana nezimo ngokuya nezici ezibonakalayo:
- Izilungiselelo Eziyisisekelo:
- Amapuleti azacile (0.5-1mm): Lawula isikhathi sokushisela phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-0.05-0.1.
- Amapuleti awugqinsi (2-6mm): Isikhathi sokushisela singanwetshwa siye kumasekhondi angu-0.2-0.5, kodwa sidinga ukuhlanganiswa nomthamo omkhulu wamanje.
- Amasu Okulungisa Amandla:
- Ngezinto ezizwelayo-ezizwelayo (njengamashidi akhandiwe), isikhathi sokushisela akufanele sidlule u-30ms ukuze kugwenywe ukuhwamuka kongqimba lwezinc okukhiqiza intuthu enobuthi.
- Uma usebenzisa-izinhlelo zesiteji (ezifana nokushisa kuqala + i-main welding + tempering), isikhathi esiphelele sidinga ukulawulwa phakathi kwesekhondi elingu-1 ukuze kuthuthukiswe umjikelezo wokukhiqiza.
- Imininingwane Eqinile Nethambile:
- Ukucaciswa okuqinile (isikhathi esikhulu samanje + isikhathi esifushane): Ifanele amapuleti aminyene noma izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisa ezishisayo, inciphisa ukulahleka kokuqhuba ukushisa.
- Ukucaciswa okuthambile (okuncane kwamanje + isikhathi eside): Ifanele amapuleti amancanyana noma izinto eziguga kalula, inciphisa ubungozi be-spatter.
III. I-Electrode Pressure: "I-Fulcrum Engabonakali" Yokuqina Kwe-Welding
- Ingcindezi ye-Electrode ithinta ukumelana nokuxhumana okubalulekile kanye nokuma kwephuzu le-weld, edinga ukulungiswa kwesayensi:
- Ifomula Yokubala Ingcindezi:
- Ingcindezi=ukujiya kwepuleti (mm) × 50N. Isibonelo, ipuleti lensimbi elingu-1.5mm lidinga ingcindezi engu-75N.
- Isu Lokulungisa:
- Setha ingcindezi yokuqala ibe ngu-80% yenani elinconyiwe, bheka ukuthi izindawo zokushisela ziyafana yini.
- Uma kwenzeka i-spatter, khulisa ngokufanelekile ingcindezi (engadluli ku-10% yenani elinconyiwe); uma amaphuzu e-weld ejulile kakhulu, nciphisa ingcindezi.
- Izinyathelo zokuzivikela:
- Ukucindezela okukhulu kuzosheshisa ukugqoka kwama-electrode, kufinyeze impilo yesevisi.
- Ukuze uthole-iphoyinti lokushisela, qinisekisa ukucindezela okuvumelanayo kwawo wonke ama-electrode ukuze ugweme ukushisela okubonakalayo kolunye uhlangothi futhi ushise{1}}ngakolunye.
IV. Amanye Amapharamitha Abalulekile: Imininingwane Inquma Impumelelo
- Ukugqoka kwe-Electrode: Kala njalo ububanzi be-electrode (shintshanisa uma ukugqokwa kudlula u-10%), gcina umumo olinganayo (flat, spherical, noma conical), gwema ukushisela okubonakalayo okubangelwa ukuthintana kabi.
- Spot Welder Ukupholisa System: Qinisekisa uhlelo lokupholisa amanzi abushelelezi, lawula izinga lokushisa le-electrode elingaphansi kwama-80 degree, vimbela ukuguquguquka kokushisa ngokweqile.
- {0}Ingcindezi Yangaphambili Nesikhathi Sokubamba:
- {0}Isikhathi sokucindezela kwangaphambili (imizuzwana engu-0.1-0.3): Qinisekisa ukuthi i-workpiece ilingana, yehlisa isipatha.
- Isikhathi sokubamba (amasekhondi angu-0.1-0.2): Siza ukupholisa iphoyinti lokushisela nokuqinisa, uthuthukise amandla.
V. Inqubo Yokulungisa Iphutha: Kusukela Ekushiseni Kwesivivinyo kuya Ekukhiqizeni Okuningi
- I-Trial Welding Stage: Ekuqaleni setha amapharamitha ngokwezici zezinto ezibonakalayo, qinisekisa amandla okushisela ngokuhlolwa kokudonsa (izinga elifanelekayo: amandla okugunda Amakhulu noma alingana no-70% wezinto eziyisisekelo).
- Ukulungiselela-Ukuhlela Kahle: Bheka ukubukeka kwephoyinti lokushisela (ububanzi be-nugget, ukushelela kwendawo), lungisa kancane kancane okwamanje, isikhathi, noma ingcindezi kuze kube yilapho kutholakala imiphumela emihle.
- Ukuqinisekiswa Kokukhiqiza Okuningi: Ngemva kokukhiqiza ngokuqhubekayo amaphuzu e-weld ayi-100, hlola ngokungahleliwe u-10% wokuhlolwa kwekhasi ukuze uqinisekise ukuzinza kwepharamitha.
Isiphetho: Ukusethwa Kwepharamitha Kuyisisekelo Sokushisela Okusebenzayo
Ukulungiselelwa kwepharamitha yeimishini yokushisela amabala aphakathi nendawoakukhona nje ukulungiswa kwezinombolo, kodwa ibhalansi ebanzi yezimpawu zezinto ezibonakalayo, ukusebenza kwemishini, kanye nezidingo zenqubo. Ngokusetha ngokwesayensi imingcele efana neyamanje, isikhathi, kanye nengcindezi, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwe-welding kungathuthukiswa ngaphezu kuka-30%, kodwa izinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo nalo lingasimamiswa ezingeni lokuma lemboni lika-99.5%.
