Embonini yesimanje yezimboni, iumshini wokushisela indawo, ngokusebenza kahle kwayo okuphezulu kanye nezici{0}}zokonga amandla, isiyingxenye yesisetshenziswa esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izimoto nasekucutshungulweni kwensimbi. Nokho, ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu-okuphezulu{3}}kuphezulu{3}}kuchaza ukuthi noma yikuphi ukugada komsebenzi kungaholela ezingozini ezimbi kakhulu zikagesi, imililo, noma ukulimala komuntu siqu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphelele kokusebenza komshini wokushisela akuyona nje imfuneko yokulawula kodwa futhi kuyisidingo esiphambili sokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokukhiqiza kanye nokuphila kahle kwabasebenzi{5}}.
Ukuboniswa kokushisela indawo yensimbi engagqwali
Lo mhlahlandlela uhlose ukuhlinzeka ngesethi ephelele futhi ehlelekile yezinqubo zokuphepha "Zeshumi Eliphezulu" ekusebenzeni komshini wokushisela, ukumboza okokusebenza kokuphepha kukagesi, ukugeleza kwenqubo okujwayelekile, ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi, nokuphathwa kwemvelo. Sizohlanganisa izindinganiso zikazwelonke (ezifana ne-GB 15578-2008) kanye nemikhuba ehamba phambili yomkhakha ukuze sinikeze izincomo ezingokoqobo nezinembayo, ukusiza imboni yakho ifinyelele umgomo wayo "wengozi engekho".
Ukuphathwa Kwezogesi Nezisetshenziswa - Isisekelo Sokuphepha
Ukuphepha komshini wokushisela amabala kuqala ngomshini ngokwawo. Ukuphathwa kwemishini eqinile kanye nokugcinwa kwayo kusebenza njengomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ngokumelene nokuhluleka kukagesi kanye nezingozi zemishini.
1. Ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke/uShift Ukuphepha kukagesi (Ukuvimbela Ukushaqeka Kagesi Nomlilo)
| Into Yokuhlola | Izidingo Ezibalulekile Namazinga | Ingozi Nokubaluleka | |
| 1 | Amakhebula Amandla kanye Nokugawula | Hlola wonke amakhebula amakhebula ngomonakalo, ukuguga, ukuqhekeka, noma ukuchayeka. Qinisekisa ukuthi uxhumano lomhlaba ovikelayo (PE) luvikelekile futhi luthembekile. | Izintambo ezilimele ziyimbangela eyinhloko yamasekhethi amafushane kanye nokushaqeka kukagesi; ukwehluleka ukubeka phansi phansi kungaholela ekutheni ibhokisi lomshini libe bukhoma, kudale ingozi ebulalayo. |
| 2 | Ukuhlolwa kokumelana ne-Insulation | I-Core Standard: Ngokwezinga likazwelonke le-GB 15578-2008, ukumelana nokushisa phakathi kwamasekhethi naphansi kuwo wonke amasekhethi omshini wokushisela akumele kube ngaphansi kuka-2.5 MΩ ezindaweni ezinomswakama. | Ukuwohloka kwe-insulation kuyisandulela sokuhluleka kukagesi. Ukuhlola okuvamile kuvikela ngempumelelo-ukuphuka kwama-voltage aphezulu kanye nezingozi zokuvuza. |
| 3 | I-High-I-Voltage Component Isolation | Qinisekisa ukususwa kukagesi okwanele kanye nebanga lokuqhekeka phakathi-nezingxenye zamandla kagesi aphezulu (i-transformer, i-thyristor) kanye nekesi yomshini, ngokuhlukaniswa okuphelele kokuhlukanisa. | Igwema ukuthintana ngephutha okuphezulu{0}}kagesi, ikakhulukazi okubalulekile kumashisela aphakathi-emvamisa ye-inverter lapho i-voltage yangaphakathi iphezulu. |
| 4 | Inkinobho Yokumisa Isimo Esiphuthumayo | Qinisekisa ukuthi u-E{0}}inkinobho yokumisa iyasebenza, inqamula amandla amakhulu ngokushesha uma icindeziwe, futhi ayinazo izithiyo. | Ivumela ukumiswa ngokushesha kokusebenza kwemishini ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo, okubalulekile ekuvikeleni abasebenzi kanye nemishini. |
2. "Imithetho Yegolide" Yokugcinwa Kwesistimu Ye-Electrode (Ukuqinisekisa Ukuzinza Nokupholisa)
Ama-Electrode awazona nje izinto ezisebenzayo kodwa futhi abalulekile ekupholiseni nasekufakeni ingcindezi. Ukugcinwa kwe-Electrode kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi yokushisela nempilo yemishini.
- I-Electrode Tip Cleaning and Dressing: Amathiphu e-electrode kufanele ahlanzwe futhi agqokiswe kusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile ekuqaleni kwawo wonke amashifu noma lapho izinga lokushisela lehla, ukuze kukhishwe ama-oxide nezinsalela zensimbi. Izinsalela zandisa ukumelana nokuxhumana, okuholela ekushintshashintsheni kwamanje kwe-welding kanye ne-spatter, okungashisa kakhulu i-electrode.
- I-Electrode Replacement Standard: Uma i-diameter yethiphu ye-electrode yehliswa ngaphezu kuka-20% wobubanzi bayo bangempela ngenxa yokugqoka, kufanele ishintshwe ngokushesha. Ukuguga ngokweqile kuholela ekuminyaneni okunganele kwamanje, ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-weld nugget efanelekayo nokwandisa umthwalo wemishini.
- Ukuphathwa Kwesistimu Yokupholisa: Amanzi okupholisa ayindlela yokuphila yokusebenza kahle komshini wokushisela indawo. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokungena kwamanzi okupholisa ligcinwa liphakathi kuka 5℃no 30℃, futhi izinga lokushisa lokuphuma kwamanzi alidluli ama℃angu 40 . Qaphela njalo izinga lokugeleza futhi uhlole ukuvinjelwa, njengoba ukupholisa okunganele kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokuhluleka kwe-electrode ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye ne-transformer.
Izinqubo Ezijwayelekile Zokusebenza - Ikhwalithi Yokushisela kanye Nokulawulwa Kwengozi
Izinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile azigcini nje ngokuphathelene nokuphepha komuntu siqu kodwa futhi nesiqinisekiso esiyinhloko sekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
1.Ukuthuthukiswa Okunembile Nokuqinisekiswa Kwemingcele Ye-Welding
Amapharamitha wokushisela (okwamanje, isikhathi, ingcindezi) "yizinto ezintathu" zokushisela ngempumelelo. Ama-opharetha kufanele azilungise ngokusekelwe kuzici zezinto ezibonakalayo.
| I-Common Material | Ububanzi bepharamitha engukhiye (Inkomba) | Ukulungisa Okubalulekile Nokucatshangelwa Kokuphepha |
| Ishidi Lensimbi Engagqwali elizacile | Okwamanje: 180-320A; Isikhathi: Umjikelezo omfushane (3-60 millisecond); Ingcindezi: Iphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. | Insimbi engagqwali inokumelana okuphezulu, edinga ukushisisa nokupholisa ngokushesha ukuze ivikele ukugqwala kwe-intergranular. |
| -I-Carbon Steel Plate ephansi | Okwamanje: Medium to High; Isikhathi: Isici sesibili; Ingcindezi: Kumelwe ibe phezulu ngokwanele (isb, 0.3-0.5 MPa). | Insimbi{0}ephansi yekhabhoni{0}isebenza kakhulu, idinga amandla aphezulu kanye nengcindezi ukuze kuqinisekiswe usayizi owanele we-weld nugget. |
| I-aluminium Alloy | Okwamanje: Iphakeme Kakhulu (idinga-i-MFDC eshisela amandla aphezulu); Isikhathi: Sifushane kakhulu; Ingcindezi: Phezulu. | Ingxubevange ye-Aluminiyamu ine-conductivity enhle kakhulu kanye ne-thermal diffusivity, edinga amandla amanje aphezulu. Ama-Electrode athambekele ekungcoleni futhi adinga ukulungiswa njalo. |
- Ukuqinisekiswa Kwe-Weld Yokuhlola: I-weld yokuhlola kufanele yenziwe njalo lapho inqwaba yezinto ishintshwa, amapharamitha angukhiye alungiswa, noma kushintshaniswa ama-electrode. Linganisa ukufana kwe-weld, usayizi we-nugget, nokujula kokuhlehlisa ngokusebenzisa ikhasi noma ukuhlola okuqinile kwesiqephu sokuhlola. Kuphela ngemva kokuqinisekisa ngempumelelo lapho ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kungaqala.
- Ukuqapha Inqubo: Imishini yesimanje yokushisela indawo kufanele ifakwe-amasistimu okuqapha isikhathi sangempela samanje, amandla kagesi, kanye nomfutho. Uma ukushintshashintsha kwepharamitha kudlula uhla lokuphepha olusethiwe, umshini kufanele umiswe ngokushesha futhi uhlolwe.
2. Ukusabela Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo Nokuphatha Amaphutha "Iphrothokholi Yezinyathelo Ezintathu"
- Ukunqanyulwa Kwamandla Ngokushesha-: Uma kuzwakala umsindo ongajwayelekile, kutholwa iphunga elivuthayo, noma kubonakala intuthu, u-opharetha kufanele acindezele u-E{1}}inkinobho yokumisa ngokushesha futhi anqamule iswishi yamandla enkulu.
- Inqubo Emisiwe Yokubika: Noma iyiphi into engalungile noma iphutha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inzima kangakanani, kufanele kubikwe ngokushesha kumphathi weshifu kanye nabasebenzi abalungisayo ngokwenqubo yefekthri, kanye nemibhalo enemininingwane yezimpawu zephutha.
- Ukwenqatshelwa Kokusebenza Okuphoqiwe: Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuphoqelela ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngokweqa amadivayisi okuvikela ukuphepha lapho okokusebenza kunephutha elaziwayo, i-alamu, noma ukusebenza okungaqondakali. Lokhu ngeke nje kwandise ukulimala kwemishini kodwa futhi kungase kubangele izingozi ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukuvikelwa Kwabasebenzi kanye Nezidingo Zemvelo - Isiqinisekiso Sokungabikho Kwezingozi
Ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi okuphelele kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo okujwayelekile yokusebenza kuwumugqa wokugcina wokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komshini wokushisela.
1. Ukusetshenziswa Okujwayelekile Kwezisetshenziswa Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (PPE)
Ukusebenza komshini wokushisela indawo kuhilela izingozi zokushisa okuphezulu, ukukhanya okukhulu, isipatha, nokushaqeka kukagesi, okwenza kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-PPE ethobelayo.
- Ukuvikela Okuyisisekelo: Abasebenzisi kufanele bagqoke amagilavu avaleleke (ukuvikela ukushaqeka kukagesi), izibuko zokuphepha (ukuvikela ukulimala kwe-spatter), kanye nezimpahla zokusebenza-ezingasheshi ukuvutha (ukuvikela ukuvutha ezinhlansini).
- Izidingo Zendawo Ekhethekile: Ezimweni-ezinomswakama ophezulu noma ezimanzi, opharetha kufanele bame kumata avikelayo. Lapho kushiselwa ezindaweni ezivalekile (njengangaphakathi kweziqukathi), kufanele kuhlinzekwe amathuluzi okungenisa umoya kanye namathuluzi okuvikela ukuphefumula, futhi kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa komkhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe amazinga komoyampilo aphephile kanye nokugxila kwegesi eqhumayo.
2.Ukuphathwa Okujwayelekile Kwendawo Yokusebenzela
- Ukususwa Kwezinto Ezivuthayo: Zonke izinto ezivuthayo neziqhumayo, okuhlanganisa uwoyela, iphepha, ukhuni, nezinto ezincibilikayo, kufanele zisuswe endaweni engamamitha angu-5 ezungeze indawo yokusebenza yomshini wokushisela.
- Uhlelo Lokungenisa umoya: Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokusebenza inomoya owanele ukuze uhlakaze ngempumelelo intuthu namagesi ayingozi akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela. Intuthu yokushisela ingase ibe nama-metal oxides, futhi ukuhogela{1}}isikhathi eside kuyingozi empilweni.
- Ukuphepha Kwesilinda Segesi: Amasilinda{0}}egesi anomfutho ophezulu (isb, umoya-mpilo, i-acetylene) kufanele agcinwe aqondile, avikelwe ngamaketango noma abakaki, futhi agcinwe kude nemithombo yokushisa nezinhlansi. Ibanga phakathi kwamasilinda egesi kanye nomshini wokushisela indawo kufanele lihambisane nemithetho yezokuphepha.
3.Izinqubo Ezikhethekile Zokusebenza Nohlelo Lwezimvume
Emisebenzini ekhethekile{0}}enobungozi obukhulu, ukubambelela ngokuqinile ezimisweni kanye nohlelo lwezimvume kuyisibopho.
- Ukulungiswa Kwesitsha/Umkhumbi Ovalekile: Ngaphambi kweziqukathi zokushisela, amathange, nanoma yimiphi imikhumbi evalekile, kufanele kuhlanzwe kahle isitimu ukuze kukhishwe uketshezi olusalayo oluvuthayo noma amagesi, kulandelwe ukuhlolwa kwegesi eqhumayo.
- Imvume Yokusebenza Okushisayo: Noma yimuphi umsebenzi wesikhashana oshisayo owenziwa ngaphandle kwendawo yokushisela engaguquki kufanele uqale udinge Imvume Yokusebenza Okushisayo futhi uqoke isisebenzi sewashi lomlilo ukuthi sibe khona nezinto ezifanele zokucisha umlilo.
Uhlelo Lokulawula Ukuphepha – Ukuthuthukiswa Okuqhubekayo kanye Nedatha-Indlela Eqhutshwayo
Ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokuphepha ekulawuleni kwansuku zonke ukuze kwakhe uhlelo lokuphatha ukuphepha oluhlelekile kuyisihluthulelo sokuzuza{0}}izingozi zesikhathi eside ezingenalutho.
1. Ukusungula Uhlu Lokuhlola Lwansuku zonke/I-Shift kanye Nohlelo Lokurekhoda
Hlela zonke izinto zokuhlola ezishiwo Engxenyeni I zibe yiphepha noma Uhlu Lokuhlola Lokuhlolwa Kwansuku zonke lwe-electronic. Abasebenzisi kufanele bahlole into ngayinye futhi baphume ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi. Lawa marekhodi angamadokhumenti abalulekile ekulandeleleni izimbangela zezingozi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ayahambisana yini nemithetho.
2. Ukusungula i-Welding Parameter Database kanye Nokwabelana Ngolwazi
Sungula isizindalwazi esijwayelekile sepharamitha yokushisela yazo zonke izinto ezivamile ezisetshenziswa efekthri (isb, ubukhulu obuhlukene bensimbi ye-carbon, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi). Lokhu akuthuthukisi ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphela kodwa futhi kuvimbela izinkinga zekhwalithi nezokuphepha ezibangelwa opharetha abamisa imingcele "ngokuhlangenwe nakho."
3. Ukuqeqeshwa Okujwayelekile Kokuphepha kanye Nokuhlola Ukusebenza
- Ukuqeqeshwa Okuvamile: Yenza ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele komshini wokushisela okungenani kabili ngonyaka. Okuqukethwe kufanele kubandakanye ukuphepha kukagesi, ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-PPE, izinqubo zokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo, nokuchazwa kwamazinga akamuva.
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: Faka ukubambelela ezinqubweni zokusebenza zokuphepha ohlelweni lokuhlola ukusebenza komsebenzi wesisebenzisi. Isiko lokuphepha lingagxila ngempela lapho abasebenzi beziqonda ngobuqotho futhi belandela ngokuqinile izinqubo ezimisiwe.
Isiphetho
Ukusebenza okuphephile kwe-umshini wokushisela indawoiphrojekthi ehlelekile ebandakanya izinto zokusebenza, abasebenzi, indawo ezungezile, kanye nabaphathi. Ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokulawula ukuphepha oluhlelekile, abakhiqizi abakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezingozi kuphela kodwa futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukuqinisekiswa Kwedatha Okugunyazayo: Ibhizinisi elihamba phambili embonini, ngokusebenzisa isistimu yokusebenza yokuphepha esezingeni elihlanganisa "ukuqinisekiswa-komuntu okabili" kanye "nokuhlolwa{1}}kwamazinga amathathu," yehlise ngempumelelo izinga lokuhluleka kwezisetshenziswa zayo ukusuka ku-3.2% kuya ku-0.05% nje kuphela, konga ukulahlekelwa okuphindwe kaningi kwezigidi ezingu-15 zama-RMB ngonyaka{5}ngonyaka{5}. Lokhu kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuphepheni komshini wokushisela kuwukutshalwa kwezimali okusebenza kahle kakhulu nokusimeme okungalethwa yinkampani.
Sicela usebenzise lo mhlahlandlela njengepulani yokuphatha ukuphepha kwefekthri yakho, uqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umqhubi womshini wokushisela uyaqonda futhi unamathela ngokuqinile ezinkambisweni ezimisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kugqugquzele indawo yokukhiqiza ephephile nephumelelayo ethuthukisa kokubili ukukhiqiza nenhlalakahle yabasebenzi.
