Ekwenziweni kwezimboni zanamuhla,ukumelana Welding umshinis idlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni efana nezimoto, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zikagesi, kanye ne-aerospace, ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo, ukuzinza, kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokushisela ikhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko njengama-electrode, i-transformer, ne-Silicon Controlled Rectifier.
Uma lokhu kushisa kungahlakazwa ngokuphumelelayo nangokushesha, kungaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwemishini, ikhwalithi yokushisela engazinzile, ngisho nokulimala unomphela. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokupholisa olusebenzayo noluthembekile, ikakhulukazi i-industrial chiller ehambisana nalo, "umzila wokuphila" oqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-welder ukumelana.
Lesi sihloko sinikeza umhlahlandlela onemininingwane mayelana nokusetshenziswa okulungile kwezinhlelo zokupholisa ze-resistance welder, enikeza idatha egunyaziwe kanye nezeluleko ezisebenzayo zokukusiza ukufeza imisebenzi yokushisela ezinzile futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu.
I. Umsebenzi Oyinhloko kanye Nokukhethwa Kwesayensi
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesistimu yokupholisa i-resistance welder ukususa umthwalo wokushisa okhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela nokugcina izingxenye eziyinhloko ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa eliphephile lokusebenza. Ukupholisa okunganele kungaholela ekugqokeni okusheshisiwe kwama-electrode, ukuguga kwe-transformer insulation, kanye nokwehluleka kwengxenye ye-SCR.
1. Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zohlelo Lokupholisa
Isistimu yokupholisa ye-resistance ephelele ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:
- I-Industrial Chiller: Ingqikithi yesistimu, ihlinzeka-amanzi okupholisa ajikelezayo aphansi.
- Iphampu Yamanzi: Inikeza amandla okujikeleza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza okwanele kokupholisa kanye nokucindezela.
- Amapayipi nokuxhuma: Ixhuma indawo yokushisela emshinini wokushisela, ithuthe indawo yokupholisa.
- Isihlungi: Ihlunga ukungcola emanzini, ivikela amapayipi namasekhethi amanzi angaphakathi komshiseli.
- Uhlelo Lokuqapha Nokulawula Ikhwalithi Yamanzi: Ukuqapha{0}}isikhathi sangempela kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi, ingcindezi, kanye nekhwalithi.
2. Amapharamitha Abalulekile amathathu Wokukhetha Kwesayensi
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthamo wokupholisa ufana ngokunembile nomthwalo wokushisa womshiseli, amapharamitha amathathu abalulekile kufanele acatshangelwe ngesikhathi sokukhethwa, abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza{0}}kwesikhathi eside kwemishini ezinzile:
| Ipharamitha ye-Core | Izinga Elinconyiwe (Ireferensi ye-GB 15578-2008) | Umsebenzi Obalulekile |
| Ukupholisa Amandla | Kumelwe kube izikhathi ezingu-1.2 kunomthwalo wangempela wokushisa we-welder (20% imajini) | Inquma ukusebenza kahle kokupholisa futhi ivimbele isibandisi ekulayisheni-isikhathi eside. |
| Isilinganiso sokugeleza | Ama-Spot Welders Ajwayelekile: 5-10 Litre/min (L/min) Izishiseli Zemvamisa Emaphakathi: 10-15 Amalitha/min (L/min) | Iqinisekisa ukuthi ukushisa kususwa ngokushesha; ukugeleza okunganele kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokushisa kwe-electrode. |
| Ingcindezi | Ukucindezela kokungena kufanele kugcinwe phakathi kuka-0.15 MPa no-0.3 MPa | Iqinisekisa isivinini samanzi abushelelezi kanye nokujikeleza. Ukucindezela okuphansi kuholela ekugelezeni okunganele; umfutho ophezulu ungalimaza izimvu zamanzi. |
Ireferensi Yedatha Egunyaziwe: Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwemboni, isishiseli esivamile sokumelana ne-Alternating Current (AC) sidinga inani eliphelele lokugeleza kwamanzi okupholisa cishe amaGaloni angu-4–8 Ngomzuzu (GPM), okuhumushela cishe ku-15–30 Litre/min, kuye ngamandla nomsebenzi womshiseli.
II. Ukufakwa Okufanelekile Nokuphathwa Kwekhwalithi Yamanzi: Ukunakwa Ngemininingwane
Ukufakwa nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi yizici ezibalulekile ezinquma-ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwesistimu yokupholisa.
1. I-Professional Piping Layout and Installation
- I-Piping Principle:Imigqa yokupholisa kufanele ihambisane nesimiso "sokugoba okufushane, okuqondile, nokuncane" ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana nokugeleza nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokugeleza elidingekayo liyafinyelelwa.
- Ukukhetha Okubalulekile:Ukubola-okumelana nokucindezelwa-amapayipi alinganiselwe noma amapayipi aqinile ayanconywa. Qinisekisa ukuthi konke ukuxhumana kuvalwe kahle ukuvikela ukuvuza.
- Ukukhipha umoya kanye nokukhipha amanzi:Faka i-valve yokukhipha umoya endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yamapayipi kanye ne-valve yokukhipha amanzi endaweni ephansi ukuze kube lula ukukhishwa komoya ngesikhathi sokuqalisa nokuqeda ukukhipha ngesikhathi sokuvala{{0}isikhathi eside.
- Ukufakwa Kwesihlungi:Faka isihlungi esinembayo phakathi kwe-chiller nesishiseli. Hlola njalo futhi ufake esikhundleni sesici sokuhlunga ukuze uvimbele amasekhethi amanzi angaphakathi ukuthi angavalwa yizinhlayiya.
2. Amazinga Aqinile Okulawula Ikhwalithi Yamanzi
Izinga lamanzi liyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokupholisa. Ukusebenzisa amanzi kampompi ajwayelekile kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwesikali, ukukhula kolwelwe, kanye nokugqwala, kubeke engcupheni ukusebenza kahle kokushintshisana kokushisa nempilo yemishini.
| Inkomba Yekhwalithi Yamanzi | Izinga Elinconyiwe | Umthelela kanye Nemiphumela |
| Maphakathi | Amanzi Athambile noma Ahlanganisiwe (Amanzi Ahlanzekile Ezimboni) | Ivimbela ukwakheka kwesikali ezindongeni zangaphakathi ze-electrode kanye namasekhethi amanzi e-transformer, njengoba isikali sinciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha ukushisa. |
| Inani le-pH | 6.5 kuya ku-8.0 (I-Alkaline Kancane) | I-pH ephansi (i-acidic) ibangela ukugqwala; i-pH ephezulu (i-alkaline enamandla) ingakhuthaza ukwakheka kwesikali. |
| I-Conductivity | Kunconywe ukuthi ibe ngaphansi kuka-100 μS/cm | I-conductivity ephezulu inyusa ubungozi bokuvuza kukagesi, ikakhulukazi kumashisela aphakathi nendawo noma aphezulu{0}}okuthinta ukusebenza kokufakwa kwezinto. |
| Amanzi Okushisa | Izinga lokushisa lokungena akufanele lidlule ama-degree angama-30 | Gcina izinga lokushisa lamanzi phakathi kwama-5 degrees nama-30 degrees; izinga lokushisa elilungile lokusebenza livame ukusetha phakathi kwama-degree angu-20 nama-25 degrees. |
Okutuswayo: Hlola ivelu ye-pH yamanzi okupholisa kanye nokusebenza okungenani nyanga zonke. Engeza amanani afanele okugqwala nama-scale inhibitors njengoba kudingeka, futhi kuyatuswa ukuthi ubuyisele ngokuphelele amanzi okupholisa njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezi-3-6.
III. Izinqubo Ezijwayelekile Zokusebenza (SOP) kanye Nokuqapha
Ukunamathela ezinqubweni ezilungile zokusebenza kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokupholisa futhi kwandisa ukuphila kwemishini.
1. Ukulandelana kokuqalisa nokuvala shaqa
Ukulandela ngokuqinile ukulandelana okulungile kubalulekile ekuvikeleni okokusebenza:
| Isenzo | Ukulandelana | Inhloso |
| Qalisa | Chiller Okokuqala → Pump → Welder | Iqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi okupholisa azungeza ngokuzinzile futhi afinyelele izinga lokushisa elibekiwe ngaphambi kokuba i-welder iqale ukusebenza. |
| Vala shaqa | I-Welder Okokuqala → I-Compressor → Iphampu | Ngemva kokuma komshini wokushisela, iphampu kufanele iqhubeke nokusebenza isikhathi esithile (cishe. 10–15 amaminithi) ukuze isuse ukushisa okusalayo futhi ivimbele ukushisa okweqile kwendawo. |
2. Ukuqapha Nsuku Zonke Amapharamitha Abalulekile
Ama-opharetha kufanele aqaphe amapharamitha alandelayo ngesikhathi sangempela-ngesibonisi se-chiller noma izikali zangaphandle:
- Izinga lokushisa: Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi aphumayo alidluli ku-30 degree, futhi umehluko wezinga lokushisa (i-inlet vs. outlet) uhlala ungaphakathi kuka-5 degree.
- Isilinganiso Sokugeleza: Ukufundwa kwemitha yokugeleza kufanele njalo kube ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphephile elishiwo ngumenzi.
- Ingcindezi: Ukufundwa kwegeji yokucindezela kufanele kuzinze phakathi kuka-0.15 no-0.3 MPa.
Isexwayiso: Uma noma iyiphi ipharamitha yeqa imikhawulo yezokuphepha, misa ngokushesha isishiseli bese uhlola isistimu yokupholisa.
IV. Ukugcinwa Kokuvimbela Nokuphathwa Kwesizini
Ukugcinwa kokuvimbela okusebenzayo kugwema ngempumelelo ukwehluleka okungalindelekile futhi kunciphisa izindleko zesikhathi sokuphumula.
1. Uhlu Lokuhlola Isondlo
| Umjikelezo | Into Yesondlo | Inhloso kanye nokusebenza |
| Nsuku zonke | Hlola izinga lamanzi echibini, amapayipi ukubona ukuvuza, nokufundwa kwegeji yokucindezela. | Iqinisekisa ukuthi isistimu isebenza ngokujwayelekile futhi ithola ngokushesha ukuvuza. |
| Nyanga zonke | Hlanza izihlungi zomoya, hlola izinga lamanzi (pH/Conductivity), futhi ulinganise ama-thermometer. | Iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokuchithwa kokushisa okubandayo futhi ilawula ikhwalithi yamanzi. |
| Ngekota | Hlanza i-condenser ({0}}amamodeli apholile), hlola umsindo we-compressor kanye neleveli kawoyela. | Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokushintshisana kokushisa futhi inwebe isikhathi sempilo ye-compressor. |
| Ngaphakathi-Ngonyaka | Hlanza kahle i-evaporator ne-reservoir, shintsha amanzi okupholisa, futhi uhlole konke ukuxhumana kukagesi. | Iqeda ukungcoliswa kwesikali kanye ne-biological, iqinisekisa ukuphepha kukagesi. |
2. Isu Lokuvikela Iqhwa Ebusika
Ezifundeni lapho amazinga okushisa e-ambient ehla ngaphansi kuka-5℃(41 degrees F), izinyathelo zokuvikela iqhwa ziyimpoqo:
- Engeza i-Antifrize: Engeza-i-industrial yezinga le-Ethylene Glycol (Glycol) isinqamuleli sokuqandisa emanzini okupholisa. Ukugxilisa ingqondo kufanele kulungiswe ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi lendawo, kodwa ngokuvamile akufanele lidlule u-30%.
- Ukukhipha Okuphelele: Uma okokusebenza kuvalwe isikhathi eside, wonke amanzi kufanele akhishwe ngokuphelele ku-chiller, futha, namasekhethi angaphakathi omshini wokushisela, futhi imigqa kufanele ishaywe yome ngomoya ocindezelwe.
- I-Insulation: Gxilisa wonke amapayipi angaphandle avuliwe.
V. Common Troubleshooting and Solutions
Ukuqonda ukwehluleka okuvamile kanye nezixazululo zabo kusiza opharetha ukubuyisela ngokushesha ukukhiqiza.
| Ukwehluleka Uphawu | Imbangela Engenzeka | Isixazululo |
| Izinga Lokushisa Lamanzi Liyenyuka Ngokuqhubekayo |
1. I-Condenser engcoliswe kakhulu ngothuli (amamodeli womoya-opholile). 2. Ukugeleza kwamanzi okupholisa okunganele. 3. Umthamo we-chiller ungaphansi (ukukhetha okungalungile). |
1. Hlanza kahle amaphiko e-condenser. 2. Hlola umfutho wephampu, isihlungi esicacile noma ukuvaleka kwamapayipi. 3. Nciphisa umjikelezo wokusebenza kokushisela noma faka indawo yokushisela enomthamo omkhulu. |
| I-alamu yokugeleza/ingcindezi ephansi |
1. Ukwehluleka kwepompo noma ukuzungezisa okuhlehlisiwe. 2. Isihlungi esivalekile. 3. Ukukala kakhulu noma ukuvinjelwa kwesekhethi yamanzi yangaphakathi ye-welder. |
1. Hlola izintambo zephampu nesimo sokusebenza. 2. Hlanza noma shintsha isici sokuhlunga. 3. Sebenzisa ama-agent okuhlanza akhethekile ukuze wehlise isikali samanzi se-welder. |
| Amanzi Ayaguqubala noma Ayanuka |
1. Ulwelwe noma ukukhula kwe-microbial. 2. Ukugqwala kwamapayipi noma ukungcola okweqile. |
1. Faka esikhundleni samanzi okupholisa bese wengeza i-biocide. 2. Hlola inani le-pH, engeza i-corrosion inhibitor, bese uhlanza ngokuphelele i-reservoir. |
| I-Compressor Cycles Kaningi |
1. Isilungiselelo sokuhlukanisa izinga lokushisa sincane kakhulu. 2. Ukushisa okungekuhle noma ukuvuza kwesiqandisi. |
1. Khulisa ukulungiselelwa kokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa (isb, 3℃-5 degree). 2. Hlola i-condenser; thintana nochwepheshe ukuze uhlole inkokhiso yesiqandisi. |
Isiphetho
Ukusetshenziswa okulungile nokunakekelwa kwesistimu yokupholisa i-resistance welder kumelela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamasu ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yokushisela, ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, nokwelula isikhathi sokuphila kwemishini. Ngokusebenzisa ukukhetha kwesayensi, ukufakwa okufanele, ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi okuqinile, kanye nokunakekelwa okuqinile kokuvimbela, ungakwazi ukwandisa ukusebenza kwe-resistance yakho yokushisela, uzuze ukukhiqizwa kokushisela okuzinzile, okuphumelelayo nokuthembekile. Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo nokusebenzisa ngokuqinile isu lokupholisa elisekelwe ezimeni zakho zokusebenza ezithile kuzoba ukhiye ekugcineni umkhawulo wakho wokuncintisana embonini.
