Isingeniso: Amapharamitha angu-4 Abalulekile: 1. Izinga lokushisa; 2. Ingcindezi; 3. Isikhathi Sokusabalalisa; 4. Umkhathi Ovikelayo.
1.Izinga lokushisa
- Ithempelesha yipharamitha ebusayo ekushiseleleni kokusabalalisa. OkwesimanjeImishini yokushisela i-Diffusionngakho-ke iklanywe ngamasistimu okushisa anembayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusakazeka kwe-athomu okuphelele ngaphandle kokulimaza impahla eyisisekelo. Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuncane kuthinta kakhulu amazinga okusabalalisa. Ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo enengqondo, amazinga okushisa aphezulu asheshisa inqubo yokusabalalisa futhi athuthukise amandla ahlangene. Ngakho-ke, amazinga okushisa aphezulu kufanele akhethwe noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.
- Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa lokushisisa likhawulwa-amandla ethempelesha aphezulu ezinto zokusebenza nezinto ezilungiswayo, kanye nezici ze-metallurgical ezifana nokuguqulwa kwesigaba sezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokwenza kabusha ikristalu. Uma izinga lokushisa lidlula inani elithile, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi okuhlanganyelwe kuyakhawulelwa futhi kungase kubi nakakhulu.
- Ezinsimbi eziningi nama-alloys, izinga lokushisa lokushisela le-diffusion lisukela ku-0.6 kuye ku-0.8 izikhathi zokuncibilika kwezinto eziyisisekelo (Tm, iyunithi K). Ngokushisela okusabalaliswayo okubandakanya izigaba zoketshezi, izinga lokushisa lokushisa kufanele libe phezulu kancane kunephoyinti lokuncibilika lezinto ezisetshenziswa ungqimba olumaphakathi noma izinga lokushisa le-eutectic reaction, kanye nokupholisa okufanele okulandelayo ngesikhathi sokuqina kwe-isothermal nezigaba ze-homogenization. Uma imishini yokushisela i-polymer diffusion ifakwe ama-thermometers e-infrared, isiza ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile.
2.Ingcindezi
- Uma amanye amapharamitha ehlala engashintshile, ingcindezi ephezulu ivuna ukwakheka{0}kwamalunga ekhwalithi ephezulu. Umkhawulo wengcindezi ephezulu uvinjelwe ukulinganiselwa kokuguqulwa kwe-workpiece kanye nomthamo we-tonnage wemishini. Ngokushisela okuhlukile kokusabalalisa kwensimbi, ukucindezela okuphezulu kusiza ukunciphisa noma ukugwema ama-diffusion voids.
- Ingcindezi evamile yokushisela i-diffusion isukela ku-0.5 kuye ku-50 MPa (ngaphandle kokucindezela kwe-isostatic okushisayo). Izingcindezi eziphansi zingasetshenziselwa uketshezi-isigaba参与的 ukushisela uketshezi; Nokho, ukucindezela okukhulu kungase kubangele ukuba insimbi ewuketshezi incinywe, okuholela ezindabeni zokulawula ukwakheka.
- Njengoba ingcindezi yokusabalalisa inomthelela omncane phakathi nezigaba zokusabalalisa kamuva, ukushisela okuqinile-kungehlisa ingcindezi ezigabeni zakamuva ukuze kuncishiswe ukuwohloka kocezu lokusebenza.
3.Isikhathi Sokusabalalisa
- Isikhathi sokusabalalisa sisho ubude besikhathi sokusebenza esigcinwa ezingeni lokushisa lokushisela, okumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo yokusabalalisa iqedwa ngokugcwele ukuze kuzuzwe amandla adingekayo ahlangene. Isikhathi esinganele sivimbela amandla ahlangene ukuthi afinyelele ngokuzinzile kumazinga wezinto eziyisisekelo.
- Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu-kanye{1}nobude bengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu kunikeza ukuthuthuka okulinganiselwe kukhwalithi ehlanganyelwe futhi esikhundleni salokho kungase kubangele ukuhwalala kwezinhlamvu eziyisisekelo. Ukuze amalunga athambekele ekwenzeni izinhlanganisela ze-brittle intermetallic, isikhathi sokusabalalisa kufanele silawulwe ukuze kukhawulwe ukujiya kongqimba oluphukayo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ngokuhlanganyela.
- Isikhathi sokusabalalisa asisona i-variable ezimele kodwa sihlobene eduze nezinga lokushisa nokucindezela: amazinga okushisa aphezulu noma izingcindezi ezinkulu zidinga izikhathi ezimfushane.
- Ukuze uthole ukushisela okusabalaliswayo okunezendlalelo ezimaphakathi, isikhathi sokushisela sincike ekujikeni kongqimba olumaphakathi kanye nezidingo zokufana kwesakhiwo esihlanganyelwe (okuhlanganisa nokuqukethwe kwesigaba esivuvukalayo esivumelekile). Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, isikhathi sokushisela singasukela emaminithini ambalwa kuye emahoreni ambalwa, kuye ngokuhlanganiswa kwemingcele yenqubo.
4.Umkhathi Ovikelayo
- Ukuhlanzeka, izinga lokugeleza, ingcindezi noma izinga le-vacuum, nezinga lokuvuza lomkhathi ovikelayo kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi ehlangene. Igesi yokuvikela esetshenziswa kakhulu i-argon, enamazinga evacuum ajwayelekile angu-(1-20)×10⁻³ Pa. Ezinye izinto ezingase zisebenzise ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen, i-hydrogen, noma i-helium.
- Ezinqubweni eziyinhlanganisela ye-superplastic kanye ne-diffusion welding, i-argon negative pressure (i-vacuum ephansi) ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela izindawo zensimbi. Okokusebenza okushintshwa kwesigaba ngesikhathi sokupholisa kanye nezinto eziphukayo njengezitsha zobumba, amazinga okushisa nawokupholisa adinga ukulawulwa.
- Ku-eutectic reaction diffusion welding, amazinga okushisa ahamba kancane kakhulu angabangela izinguquko zokuhlangana kwendawo ngenxa yokusabalalisa, okuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokuncibilika kwe-eutectic.
Isiphetho
Ukwenza kahle imingcele ye-welding ye-diffusion kudinga ukuqonda kokubili imiphumela yomuntu ngamunye kanye nokusebenzisana kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokulungiswa okulawulwayo kwezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, isikhathi, kanye nomkhathi, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza amalunga anezakhiwo zemishini ezisondela kumakhono wezinto eziyisisekelo. NjengobaImishini yokushisela i-Diffusion kuya ngokuya kuba yinkimbinkimbi, ukusetshenziswa kwemingcele eqinile, ethuthukisiwe kufinyeleleka kalula, kwandiswe amathuba ohlelo lokusebenza kuyo yonke imikhakha ye-aerospace, amandla, kanye nemikhakha yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe.
