Isakhiwo Somshini Wokushisela: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele

I-Diffusion welding isiphenduke ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ku-aerospace, i-semiconductor, nezimboni ze-nuclear ngenxa yekhono layo eliyingqayizivele lokudala amabhondi e-atomic{0}}ezinga le-metallurgical ngomzali{1}}amandla wezinto ezibonakalayo kanye ne-zero macroscopic deformation. Konjiniyela abafuna{3}}izixazululo zokujoyina zokusebenza okuphezulu, ukuqonda okujulile kweumshini wokushisela we-diffusionisakhiwo kanye ne-synergy eyinkimbinkimbi yemikhakha yayo ebonakalayo ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza kwenqubo nokuthembeka kwengxenye.

Lo mhlahlandlela uhlinzeka ngokuhlukaniswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezinhlelo ezine ezibalulekile ezichaza imishini yesimanje yokushisela.

Isistimu yokushisisa isebenza njengendlu yamandla yomshini wokushisela we-diffusion, onikezwe umsebenzi wokudala indawo yokushisa efanayo kakhulu futhi elawulwa ngokunembile. Njengoba inqubo yokuhlanganisa incike kakhulu ekwenzeni kusebenze okushisayo kwama-athomu, ngisho nokuguquguquka okuncane kwezinga lokushisa kungase kube nomthelela omkhulu ku-coefficient yokusabalalisa{1}}okubuswa i-Arrhenius equation{2}}ngaleyo ndlela kunquma ikhwalithi yokugcina yebhondi ye-metallurgical kusixhumi esibonakalayo.

• Ezisetshenziswa zebanga-zezimboni, ukushisisa okungazweli yisixazululo esivame kakhulu. Isakhiwo saso esiyinhloko ngokuvamile sihlanganisa izinto zokushisisa ezenziwe ngemichilo ye-molybdenum, izintambo ze-tungsten, noma{2}}i-graphite ehlanzekile. Lezi zakhi zihlelwa ngokulungiselelwa -kwezoni eziningi ukuze kulethwe ukushisa okukhazimulayo okufanayo endaweni yokusebenza. Ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle kokushisa nokuvikela izindonga zegumbi le-vacuum, lezi zakhi zivikelwe isistimu yokufakwa kwensimbi eyinsimbi ehlanganisa izendlalelo eziningi ze-molybdenum nezihlangu zokushisa zensimbi engagqwali.
• Ukuze uvimbele ukuqhekeka kwengcindezi yokushisa noma ukuhwalala okubangelwa ama-gradients okushisa eqile, imishini{0}}esebenza kakhulu kufanele igcine ukunemba kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kuka-±1℃kuya ku-±2℃. Ukufinyelela leli zinga lokulawula kudinga ukuhlanganiswa-kweplatinamu enembayo-i-rhodium thermocouples (Uhlobo S noma B) nama-algorithms okushuna e-PID athuthukile{6}}.
• Ngobuchwepheshe-obuzimele bokulawula izindawo eziningi, isistimu ihlukanisa isithando somlilo ezindaweni ezinengqondo ezihlukile, ilungisa ngamandla okukhiphayo kwamandla e-Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs) ngokusekelwe{1}}kumpendulo yenzwa yesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufana okushisayo ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza esebenzayo kuhlala ngaphakathi kwebanga eliqinile elingu-±5 degree.

Isistimu yokulayisha ingcindezi iyinsika yesibili ebalulekile ye-diffusion welding. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukunqoba i-asperity yendawo encane ngokusebenzisa umthwalo wangaphandle obangela ukuwohloka kwendawo yepulasitiki, okuletha isikhala se-athomu kuyo yonke i-interface ngaphakathi kwebanga lokukhangwa kwe-interatomic. Kumongo wesakhiwo somshini we-welding we-diffusion, ukuzinza nokulungiswa kokulawulwa kwengcindezi kukhomba ngokuqondile ukuminyana nobuqotho belunga.

Amasistimu okucindezela ngokuvamile alandela izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezimbili ezihlukene: i-hydraulic ne-servo-ukulayisha okuqhutshwayo.

• Amasistimu we-hydraulic asebenzisa uketshezi olunamanzi ukuze adlulisele amandla-ngamavalvu e-servo asebenza ngokulinganayo aphezulu. Inzuzo yabo eyinhloko isesilinganisweni sazo somthwalo omkhulu, -amandla eyunithi eyodwa edlula kalula amathani ayi-100 kuya ku-1000.
• Kodwa-ke, amasistimu we-hydraulic ngokuvamile anenkinga yomugqa ompofu ezibangeni zengcindezi ephansi futhi abeke ingozi engaba khona yokungcoliswa koketshezi ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-vacuum.

Ngokuphambene, amasistimu ashayelwa i-servo-asebenzisa ama-servo motors ukushayela izikulufu zebhola ezinembayo, ezinikeza ukulungiswa kokulawula okuphakeme kanye nokusabela okuguquguqukayo. Lezi zinhlelo zingakwazi ukulondoloza ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi phakathi kuka-±0.1% FS (Isikali Esigcwele) futhi zinikeze izinqumo zokufuduka kahle njengo-0.1μm kuya ku-1μm. Lokhu kunemba kubalulekile{6}}ekugadweni kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokunxeshezelwa kokungena kwezinto emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.

Ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi "ubuchopho" bomshini, isistimu yokulawula ilawula amasistimu angaphansi angawodwana futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ivumelanisa -izinguquko ezinezinhlangothi ezine zezinga lokushisa, ukucindezela, i-vacuum, nesikhathi.

Amahabhu okulawula esimanje ngokuvamile akhiwe kuzakhiwo ze-PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) noma ze-IPC (Industrial PC), okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi{0}basethe ngaphambili{0}izindlela zokupheka eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinamasegmenti angaphezu kuka-30. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, isistimu isebenzisa ukulandelana okuqinile{3}kusuka ku-vacuum roughing kanye nokushisa okunyathelayo ukuya ekucindezelweni kwe-gradient,{4}}ukucwiliswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kanye nokupholisa okulawulwayo. Imvamisa yesampula okungenani engu-10Hz iyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isistimu ithwebula futhi inxephezela ukwehla kwengcindezi esheshayo okubangelwa ukuthambisa kwezinto, nokugcina indawo yokubopha ezinzile.

Ezimbonini ezinezidingo eziqinile zokulandeleka kwekhwalithi, njenge-aerospace, umsebenzi wokuloga idatha ubalulekile. Ngokuhlanganisa izinzwa ze-Linear Variable Differential Transformer, isistimu irekhoda ukuminyaniswa kwe-workpiece nge-micron{1}}ngokunemba kweleveli (ngokujwayelekile ±0.001mm) futhi ikhiqize ukuphazamiseka{3}kwemibiko ye-PDF yobufakazi. Iqoqo ngalinye linikezwa i-ID eyingqayizivele, eqinisekisa ukuthi isinyathelo ngasinye senqubo-kusuka kokuluhlaza kuya engxenyeni eqediwe{6}}ithobelana ne-NADCAP noma izindinganiso zokulandeleka ze-ISO 9001.

I-vacuum nesistimu ye-atmosphere isebenza njengomnakekeli we-pristine bonding interface. Njengoba i-diffusion welding idinga ukuthintana esikalini se-athomu, ngisho namanani okulandelela amafilimu e-oxide noma amagesi adsorbed angasebenza njengezithiyo ekufudukeni kwe-athomu.

Isakhiwo esivamile somshini wokushisela sihlanganisa-isistimu yokumpompa izigaba ezintathu ehlanganisa iphampu ye-rotary vane, i-Roots blower, kanye{1}}nepompo ye-vacuum ephezulu (okungaba i-diffusion noma i-turbomolecular pump).

Inqubo iqala ngepompo ye-rotary vane ukuze iqine, ilandelwe yi-Roots blower ukuze kukhuliswe isivinini sokumpompa ebangeni le-vacuum emaphakathi, futhi ekugcineni ipompo ephezulu-ye-vacuum ukuze ifinyelele ukucindezela kokugcina phakathi kuka-5×10⁻³ Pa no-1×10⁻⁵ Pa. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukungena komoyampilo phakathi nezikhathi zokumanzisa eziqinile (0 cindezela izinga lokuvuza eliqinile ngaphansi kuka-5, cindezela u-5) Pa/h.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isistimu isekela ukwethulwa-kwamagesi ahlanzekile (99.999% ubumsulwa), njenge-Argon. Lawa magesi asebenza njengemidiya yokudlulisa ukushisa ukuze alungiselele inkambu eshisayo noma njengama-ejenti okupholisa{3}}kumasistimu wokucisha igesi yokucindezela okuphezulu (asebenza phakathi kwamabha angu-2 namabha angu-15) ukuze alawule ngokunembile ukwakheka kwelunga kanye nezakhiwo zokukhanda.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwesakhiwo somshini wokushisela kanye nezinhlelo zawo zokusebenza eziyinhloko kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekukhetheni imishini enolwazi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ngempumelelo. Lapho behlola okokusebenza, onjiniyela kufanele babeke phambili ukufana kwe-thermal, ukunemba{1}}kwe-loop pressure evaliwe, kanye nobuqotho be-vacuum ngokusekelwe kuzinto ezibonakalayo ezithile nobunzima besakhiwo samaphrojekthi abo. Ukwenza kahle lezi zinhlaka kuyisihluthulelo sokuthola{3}}ikhwalithi ephezulu, amabhondi okusabalalisa athembekile ekukhiqizeni okuthuthukile.

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