Umshini wokushisela amabalaseziphenduke ucezu lwesisetshenziswa esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwensimbi yesimanje, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini zezimoto nezinembayo, ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwazo okuphezulu, ukunemba, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yokushisela.
Kodwa-ke, opharetha abaningi bavame ukuyekethisa imiphumela yokugcina yokushisela ngenxa yezilungiselelo ezingalungile zepharamitha lapho beqala ukusebenzisa umshini noma ukushintsha ama-workpieces. Ukwazi ukukhetha okufanele kwepharamitha kanye nezindlela zokulungisa kusemqoka ekwandiseni ukusebenza kwe-welder ye-MFDC kanye nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngokuhlaziya{0}}okujulile nokho okufinyelelekayo kwamapharamitha amathathu okushisela ama-spot welders e-MFDC: I-Welding Current, Isikhathi Sokushisela, ne-Electrode Force, enikeza iseluleko sokuthuthukisa esisebenzayo nezithenjwa zedatha ezigunyaziwe.
Ukuhlaziywa kwepharamitha ye-I. Core: Izinto Ezintathu Ezinquma Ikhwalithi Ye-Weld
Inqubo yokushisela indawo ye-MFDC iyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-electro-eshisayo-yemishini, futhi ikhwalithi yayo inqunywa ngokuyinhloko imingcele emithathu ehlobene elandelayo.
1. I-Welding Yamanje (I): "Injini" Yesizukulwane Sokushisa
I-welding current iwumthombo oyinhloko wokukhiqiza ukushisa ngesikhathi sokushisela indawo kanye nento ebaluleke kakhulu ethinta usayizi we-nugget namandla. Ubuchwepheshe be-Medium frequency inverter buhlinzeka ngokuphuma kwamanje okuzinzile nokunembe kakhudlwana kwe-DC, kuqinisekisa okokufaka ukushisa okufanayo.
| Isici | Ithrendi yamanje | Umphumela kanye Nezincomo |
| Ubugqinsi bomsebenzi | Ngokuqondile ngokulingana nokuqina | Amashidi aminyene adinga amanje aphezulu ukuze aqinisekise usayizi we-nugget owanele. |
| Ukumelana Okubalulekile | Ilinganisa ngokuphambene ne-resistivity | -izinto eziphakeme zokumelana nensimbi njengensimbi engagqwali zidinga amandla amanje aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa; -izinto eziqinile eziqinile ezifana nensimbi ethambile zidinga amandla amanje aphezulu. |
| Electrode Face Diameter | Ngokuqondile ngokulingana nobubanzi | Ububanzi bobuso obukhulu bunciphisa ukuminyana kwamanje; umthamo wamanje kufanele ukhuliswe ngendlela efanele ukuze kugcinwe ukuminyana. |
Idatha Yereferensi Esebenzayo (Isibonelo: Insimbi Emaphakathi):
|
Ukuqina Kweshidi Elilodwa (mm) |
Ibanga Lamanje Lokushisela Okunconyiwe (kA) |
| 0.5 + 0.5 | 8 - 12 |
| 1.0 + 1.0 | 12 - 18 |
| 2.0 + 2.0 | 20 - 28 |
Amathiphu okuthuthukisa:
- Okwamanje Okudlulele: Kuholela kalula ekuxoshweni kanzima (i-spatter), ukuguga okusheshisiwe kwama-electrode, kanye nokuhlehlisa ngokweqile noma ukushiswa kwendawo.
- Okwamanje Okungenele: Kuphumela kusayizi we-nugget onganele, okuholela ekushiseleni okubandayo noma amandla anganele.
- Okuhle-Isimiso Sokushuna: Ukuze ukhulise ukusebenza kahle nokuvumelana kwe-weld, sebenzisa isikhathi sokushisela esiphezulu kancane nesifushane, inqobo nje uma ukuxoshwa kugwenywa.
2. Isikhathi Sokushisela (t): "Umlawuli" Wokunqwabelana Kokushisa
Isikhathi sokushisela, ngokuhambisana nesimanje, sinquma inani lokufaka ukushisa phakathi nenqubo yokushisela ($ Q \\propto I^2Rt$). Ikhono lamashisela e-MFDC okuthola ukulawula kokunemba kweleveli ye-millisecond{2}liyinzuzo ephawulekayo ngaphezu kwamashisela e-AC avamile.
I-MFDC Welding Time ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izigaba eziningi ze-pulse:
| Isiteji sePulse | Incazelo | Ibanga Lesikhathi Eliphakanyisiwe |
| Isikhathi Sokukhama | Iqinisekisa ukuthintana okuqinile phakathi kwe-electrode nendawo yokusebenza, iqeda izikhala. | 100 - 500 ms |
| Isikhathi sokushisela | Isikhathi sangempela sokugeleza samanje esisetshenziselwa ukwakha i-nugget. | 50 - 250 ms |
| Bamba Isikhathi | Isikhathi i-electrode igcina ingcindezi ngemva kokuba i-current inqanyuliwe, ivumela i-nugget ukuthi iphole futhi iqine ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ivimbele ukuncipha nokuqhekeka. | 100 - 300 ms |
| Isikhathi Esivaliwe | Isikhathi sokuphumula sokuba umshiseli alungiselele indawo yokushisela elandelayo. | 50 - 150 ms |
Amathiphu okuthuthukisa:
- Isikhathi Nokubambisana Kwamanje: Isikhathi sokushisela ngokweqile siholela ekuqongeleleni ukushisa okukhulu, okungase kubangele ukushisa nokuxoshwa; isikhathi esinganele, ngisho namanje kakhulu, singase sibangele amashisela abandayo ngenxa yokushisa okunganele. Inhlanganisela "Yesikhathi Esiphezulu Samanje, Isikhathi Esifushane" ngokuvamile ikhethwa ukunciphisa ukushisa-indawo ethintekile (HAZ) nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
- I-Multi-Pulse Application: Okokusebenza okuyisipesheli (isb, i-galvanized steel), ukusebenzisa okukabili-ukulawula i-pulse noma{4}}okuningi{4}}ukulawula i-pulse kuvumela ukuphathwa ngempumelelo kakhudlwana kokusabalalisa ukushisa kanye nokwakheka kwe-nugget.
3. I-Electrode Force (F): "Isiqiniseko" Sokuxhumana Nokuqinisa
I-Electrode force iyipharamitha ebalulekile eqinisekisa ukuthintana okuqinile phakathi kwezinto zokusebenza, inciphisa ukumelana nokuxhumana, futhi ifake ingcindezi yokubumba njengoba i-nugget iqina.
| Amandla Adlulele | Amandla Anganele | Umgomo Wokuthuthukisa |
| Indawo yokuxhumana iyakhula, ukuminyana kwamanje kuncipha, kuvimbela ukwakheka kwama-nugget. | Ukumelana nokuxhumana kuphezulu kakhulu, kuholela kalula ekuxoshweni okukhulu kanye nokushiswa kwendawo. | Qinisekisa ukuthintana kwe-workpiece eqinile futhi unikeze ingcindezi eyanele yokukhanga ngemva kokwakheka kwe-nugget. |
Idatha Yereferensi Esebenzayo (Isibonelo: Insimbi Emaphakathi):
| Ukuqina Kweshidi Elilodwa (mm) | I-Electrode Force Range Enconyiwe (kN) |
| 0.5 + 0.5 | 1.5 - 3.0 |
| 1.0 + 1.0 | 3.0 - 5.0 |
| 2.0 + 2.0 | 5.0 - 8.0 |
Amathiphu okuthuthukisa:
- Amandla Nebhalansi Yamanje: Njengoba amandla anyuka, ukumelana nokuxhumana kuncipha, okudinga ukukhuphuka okuhambisanayo kwamanje ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukulahlekelwa ukushisa.
- Ukuphoqa Nokuxoshwa: Amandla anganele yimbangela enkulu yokuxoshwa. Ukwandisa amandla ngendlela efanele kungacindezela i-spatter ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuminyana kwamanje.
II. Uhlelo lokusebenza olukhethekile: Izicaciso zokushisela kanye ne-Dual-Pulse Technique yensimbi Eyisipesheli
Insimbi engaphekiwe inikeza izidingo eziphakeme kumapharamitha wokushisela ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwephoyinti elincibilikayo le-zinc coating (cishe . 419℃, indawo yokubilisa cishe. 907℃) kanye ne-steel substrate (iphoyinti lokuncibilika cishe{2}} degree).
1. Izinselelo Ekushiseleni Insimbi Eyisithako
- I-Zinc Layer Interference: I-zinc layer iyahwamuka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu okushisela, yenze umhwamuko we-zinc obangela ukuxoshwa futhi ungcolise ubuso be-electrode.
- I-Electrode Wear: I-Zinc ihlangana nezinto ze-electrode yethusi ukwenza ama-alloys ethusi, isheshisa ukuguga kwe-electrode.
- Ikhwalithi ye-Nugget: Umhwamuko we-zinc ungavimbela ukwakheka kwe-nugget, uphazamise amandla e-weld.
2. I-Core Technique: I-Dual-Pulse (Pre{2}}Heat) Welding
Ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yesendlalelo se-zinc, abashiseli be-MFDC bavamise ukusebenzisa indlela eDual-Pulse noma Pre{1}}Heat Pulse:
- Ngaphambi-I-Heat Pulse (Okwamanje Okuphansi, Isikhathi Esifushane): I-pulse encane yamanje isetshenziswa ukuze kushise kuqala-ucezu lokusebenza futhi kunuke kancane noma kuhwamulise ungqimba lwezinc endaweni yokuxhumana, okudala izimo zokuthintana ezivumayo ze-main weld elandelayo.
- I-Main Weld Pulse (Okwamanje Okuphezulu, Isikhathi Esifushane): Ngemva kokuba isendlalelo se-zinc siphathwe kahle, i-high current isetshenziswa ukuze kwakheke ngokushesha i-nugget yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ipharamitha Yokushisela Yensimbi Ekhangayo (0.8mm + 0.8mm):
| Ipharamitha | Ngaphambi-I-Heat Pulse | I-Main Weld Pulse |
| Okwamanje (kA) | 5 - 8 | 15 - 20 |
| Isikhathi (ms) | 30 - 50 | 80 - 120 |
|
I-Electrode Force (kN) |
3.5 - 4.5 (Okuqhubekayo) | 3.5 - 4.5 (Okuqhubekayo) |
III. Inqubo Yokusetha Ipharamitha Yesayensi kanye Nokuhlangenwe nakho Okungokoqobo
Ukusetha amapharamitha wokushisela amabala e-MFDC akuwona umsebenzi "owodwa{{-oqediwe" kodwa kuwumjikelezo wokuzijwayeza, ukuhlola, nokwenza kahle.
1. Inqubo yokubeka ipharamitha yesayensi
1. Nquma Imininingwane Eyisisekelo:Bheka ishadi lokucaciswa kokushisela elinconyiwe elinikezwe umkhiqizi wokushisela ngokusekelwe kumpahla yokusebenza, ukujiya, nohlobo lwe-electrode ukuze uthole amanani okuqala wamanje, isikhathi, namandla.
2.Yenza ukuhlolwa kokuqala:Sebenzisa amapharamitha okuqala ukushisela amabala ayi-10-20 futhi wenze ukuhlolwa okulimazayo (njengokuhlola ikhasi) ukuze ubuke usayizi we-nugget namandla wokushisela.
3.Qaphela i-Welding Phenomena:
- Ukuxoshwa Kakhulu: Hlola ngokuyinhloko ukuthi i-Electrode Force yanele yini; okwesibili, cabanga ukuthi i-Welding Current iphezulu kakhulu.
- I-Nugget enganele/I-Cold Weld: Ngokuyinhloko ukwandisa i-Welding Current; okwesibili, ukwelula ngokufanelekile Isikhathi Sokushisela.
- Ukuhlehliswa Kwengaphezulu Okudlulele: Yehlisa kancane i-Electrode Force noma i-Welding Current.
4.Fine{1}}Shuna Ukuthuthukisa:Lungisa ipharamitha eyodwa kuphela ngesikhathi, ngokunyuka kuka-5% kuya ku-10%, kuze kube yilapho amandla okushisela nokubukeka kufinyelelwa.
5.Ukuqinisekisa Ukuzinza:Yenza{0}}ukuhlolwa kokushisela kwesikhathi eside, okuqhubekayo ngamapharamitha athuthukisiwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuzinza ngaphansi kwezimo ezifana nokuguga kwama-electrode kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
2. Izinzuzo kanye nemisebenzi ethuthukisiwe ye-MFDC Welders
Amandla-okunemba okushisela ama-MFDC ama-welders abangelwa amasistimu awo okulawula athuthukile:
- Kuvaliwe-I-Loop Current Control:Umshiseli uqapha okukhiphayo kwangempela ngesikhathi sangempela-futhi akulungise ngokushesha ngokuvumelana nenani elimisiwe, aqinisekise ukuzinza nokuvumelana kwamanje, okungathintwa ukuguquguquka kwegridi noma izinguquko zokumelana nocezu lokusebenza.
- Isilawuli Seslope samanje:Ivumela i-current ukuthi ikhule kancane kancane noma yehle ngesikhathi esimisiwe. Ukusebenzisa i-upslope kunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuxoshwa kokuqala futhi kukhuthaze ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okufanayo; usebenzisa izinsiza ze-downslope ekupholiseni okuzinzile kwe-nugget.
- Isitoreji{{0}Esicaciswe Kaningi:Izilawuli zesimanje zokushisela ze-MFDC ngokuvamile zingagcina inqwaba noma amakhulu emininingwane yokushisela, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe ngokushesha phakathi kwezinto zokusebenza ezihlukene, zinikeze amandla ukukhiqiza okuvumelana nezimo.
Isiphetho
Ukusetha amapharamitha e-Medium Frequency Spot Welder kuyinqubo edinga inhlanganisela yomhlahlandlela wetiyori nolwazi olusebenzayo.
Umnyombo usekuqondeni ubudlelwano kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-Welding Current, Isikhathi Sokushisela, kanye Ne-Electrode Force.
Ngokulandela inqubo yokusetha yesayensi nokusebenzisa isilawuli sokunemba esiyingqayizivele se-MFDC welder kanye-nobuchwepheshe be-pulse obuningi, ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa ukucaciswa kwe-pulse okumbaxambili-kuzinto ezikhethekile ezifana nensimbi eyakhiwe ngothayela, uzokwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ikhwalithi yokushisela, wandise ukuphila kwama-electrode, futhi ekugcineni unciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza, uzuze ukukhiqizwa kokushisela okuzinzile.
